As Vietnam accelerates its digital transformation agenda, enhancing public sector capabilities has become critical to the success of digital government initiatives. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for strengthening institutional, human, and technological capacities within Vietnam’s public sector to support the evolution of digital government. Drawing from international best practices, policy analysis, and stakeholder interviews, the framework identifies key enablers—including leadership, digital skills, inter-agency collaboration, and data governance—essential for sustainable transformation. The study also examines challenges such as legacy systems, regulatory gaps, and workforce readiness. By offering actionable recommendations, this research contributes to the development of a more agile, transparent, and citizen-centric digital government in Vietnam.