Vol. 8 No. 06 (2026): Volume 08 Issue 06

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological force reshaping legal institutions, judicial administration, legal research, adjudication support systems, and regulatory governance. Courts across jurisdictions increasingly employ AI-enabled tools to enhance efficiency, reduce case backlogs, improve legal analytics, and facilitate access to justice. However, the integration of AI into legal processes has generated complex concerns relating to transparency, accountability, privacy, algorithmic bias, judicial independence, evidentiary reliability, and constitutional protections. This research and review article critically examines the evolving legal and constitutional frameworks governing AI regulation within the legal sector, with particular emphasis on judicial systems and legal decision-making. Drawing exclusively upon the provided references, the study synthesizes contemporary developments, analyzes emerging jurisprudential challenges, and evaluates regulatory responses adopted by courts and policymakers. The paper identifies significant tensions between technological innovation and foundational legal principles such as due process, fairness, natural justice, and constitutional rights. Findings reveal that while AI possesses substantial potential to improve legal administration, inadequate regulatory safeguards may compromise judicial legitimacy and public trust. The study concludes that a balanced regulatory architecture emphasizing human oversight, algorithmic transparency, ethical accountability, and constitutional compliance is essential for responsible AI deployment within legal systems

This scientific article analyzes the legal nature of disputes arising from land relations, the procedural features of their judicial review, and systemic problems in the application of substantive law norms.

The article discusses issues such as the invalidation of acts by local government authorities on the allocation and seizure of land, the return of land plots for state and public needs with compensation, as well as jurisdiction between economic and civil courts.

The comparative-legal part of the article examines the practice of applying land dispute resolution mechanisms (mediation), easement, and the institution of "eminent domain" through alternative methods in continental (Germany, South Korea) and Anglo-Saxon (Great Britain, USA) legal systems, and puts forward scientific and practical proposals for improving national legislation.

Drawing on a comparative-legal analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic and the People's Republic of China, as well as of international instruments (the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of 1985 and the New York Convention of 1958), the article examines a set of systemic problems characteristic of the activity of the legal departments (in-house counsel) of private companies. It investigates such issues as the organizational and legal status and independence of the legal department, the professional qualification and accreditation of corporate counsel, preventive legal protection (including the institution of due care and due diligence), the protection of intellectual property, the quality of the preparation of statements of claim and the enforcement of judicial acts, the use of alternative dispute-resolution methods (mediation), and the application of the norms of international commercial arbitration. On the basis of the conducted research, practical recommendations are formulated aimed at improving the national regulation of the activity of companies' legal departments in Uzbekistan, with due regard for leading foreign experience.

This article examines the experience of developed countries - the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Japan - in regulating employment contracts of academic staff in higher education institutions through a comparative legal analysis. The study covers reforms implemented in 2024-2026, including the adoption of the Employment Rights Act 2025 in the United Kingdom, the 2024 amendment of the Wissenschaftszeitvertragsgesetz (WissZeitVG) in Germany, the intensification of political threats to the tenure system in the United States, and the consolidation of the 10-year permanent contract conversion mechanism in Japan. Franceʼs stable civil servant model is also assessed comparatively. The existing legal framework in Uzbekistan is critically evaluated and, based on the comparative analysis, six scientifically grounded recommendations are developed to improve the labor-legal status of higher education teaching staff. The findings substantiate the necessity of introducing an "academic employment contract" institution as a distinct legal category in Uzbekistan.

This article examines Uzbekistan's ongoing accession process to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its implications for trade liberalization and the protection of national interests. As Uzbekistan deepens its integration into the global economy under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev's reform agenda, WTO membership has emerged as a central pillar of the country's foreign economic policy. The article analyzes the historical trajectory of Uzbekistan's WTO negotiations, identifies the key sectors affected by trade liberalization commitments, and assesses the legislative, regulatory, and institutional reforms required for compliance with WTO norms. Drawing on international trade law, comparative experience of post-Soviet WTO members, and Uzbek domestic legal frameworks, the article argues that successful WTO accession demands a carefully calibrated balance between market openness and the preservation of strategic national interests. Special attention is given to agriculture, intellectual property, services, and customs regulation as priority areas. The article concludes with policy recommendations for ensuring that Uzbekistan's integration into the multilateral trading system yields sustainable economic and legal benefits.

The tokenization of real-world assets represents one of the most transformative developments at the intersection of technology and law, challenging the foundational doctrines of property law, contract theory, and financial regulation. This article provides a rigorous comparative legal analysis of the conceptual nature of asset tokenisation, its internationally recognised legal typologies, and the specific regulatory framework established by the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article critically examines the four-category token taxonomy enshrined in Uzbekistan's NAPP Regulation No. 3397: the secured token, the unsecured token, the utilitarian token, and the stable token. Particular attention is devoted to the legal rationale underlying the prohibition on residents issuing Unsecured and Stable Tokens, which is analyzed through the lenses of investor protection, monetary sovereignty, systemic risk containment, and financial integrity. The article concludes with concrete de lege ferenda proposals for the modernization of Uzbekistan's digital asset regulatory architecture.

Drawing on systemic and comparative-legal approaches, the article examines the legal nature, features, and methodology of the claim work of the legal departments of business entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It reveals the dual (substantive-legal and procedural-protective) nature of claim work; traces the evolution of the Uzbek model of pre-trial settlement following the procedural reform of 2018; and analyzes foreign experience (Russia, Kazakhstan, the European Union) and international standards (UNCITRAL instruments, the Singapore and New York Conventions, EU directives). The scholarly conclusions are confirmed by decisions of international judicial and arbitration bodies and by data of international organizations (the EBRD, the ADB, the World Bank). Eight systemic problems of claim work are identified and ways to resolve them are proposed, including proposals de lege ferenda.

This article presents a research-and-practice analysis of systemic enforcement problems of the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and related regulatory acts, identified in the practice of large-scale industrial business. Drawing on eight legal conflicts – ranging from the disproportionate financial liability of the employer for delayed payments and the unregulated status of distance learning to the absence of a clear distinction between employment and civil-law contracts – the article substantiates concrete proposals for improving the legislation. The methodological framework is the comparative-legal and formal-legal analysis of the provisions of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as of the international labor standards of the ILO. The article concludes that a systemic balancing of employee protection and the predictability of the regulatory environment for the employer is necessary as a precondition for the investment attractiveness of the country's economy.

This article examines the theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of preventing corruption and conflicts of interest within the public civil service system. Particular attention is paid to the adverse impact of corruption on the effectiveness of public administration, the openness and transparency of state bodies, as well as public trust in state institutions. The essence and types of conflicts of interest, along with their significance as factors generating corruption risks, are analyzed based on the approaches developed by international organizations and scholars. Furthermore, the article discusses existing mechanisms for assessing the quality of public services and identifies challenges associated with their improvement. The author proposes a number of organizational and legal measures aimed at preventing corruption and conflicts of interest in the public civil service, including the introduction of an asset and interest declaration system, the adoption of a unified methodology for corruption risk assessment, and the development of ethics and integrity indices and digital monitoring mechanisms.