Volume 8.
Issue 09.

Breast cancer remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, accounting for substantial morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden across both developed and developing countries. Despite remarkable advances in diagnostic technologies and therapeutic interventions, disparities in screening accessibility, preventive healthcare delivery, health literacy, and policy implementation continue to limit improvements in early detection and patient survival. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that the global burden of breast cancer is expected to increase considerably over the coming decades, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated population-based strategies capable of addressing both biological and health system determinants simultaneously (Arnold et al., 2022). Consequently, public health approaches have evolved beyond disease treatment toward comprehensive frameworks that emphasize prevention, risk assessment, organized screening, community engagement, policy support, and equitable healthcare access.

This review article develops an integrated public health framework for advancing early breast cancer detection, risk reduction, and preventive care by synthesizing evidence from existing literature. The study critically evaluates global epidemiological trends, current screening practices, healthcare inequalities, preventive interventions, policy initiatives, and emerging perspectives on population-level cancer control. Particular attention is given to the interaction between behavioral, environmental, biological, nutritional, and healthcare system factors influencing breast cancer outcomes. Furthermore, the review examines how coordinated public health infrastructures can improve screening participation, facilitate timely diagnosis, reduce healthcare disparities, and strengthen long-term survivorship care.

The proposed framework integrates primary prevention, organized screening programs, community education, policy development, multidisciplinary healthcare collaboration, digital surveillance, and continuous quality improvement into a unified model capable of supporting sustainable breast cancer control strategies. The review demonstrates that effective public health interventions require coordinated actions across healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, and community organizations rather than isolated clinical efforts. The findings suggest that strengthening preventive healthcare systems, expanding equitable screening services, promoting evidence-based policy implementation, and integrating risk-based population management can substantially improve early diagnosis while reducing disease burden globally. The proposed framework offers practical guidance for future research, healthcare planning, and public health policy aimed at achieving comprehensive breast cancer prevention and control.

Surgical site infection (SSI) remains one of the most frequent and consequential complications of abdominal surgery. It prolongs hospitalization, raises cost and mortality, and is closely linked to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This review synthesizes current evidence to identify the main patient-, procedure- and postoperative-related risk factors for SSI after abdominal operations, and to outline an evidence-based, bundle approach to prevention. Abdominal procedures carry an intrinsically high risk because the incision crosses a microbiologically contaminated visceral tract. Recognizing modifiable factors, such as perioperative hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, malnutrition, prolonged operations, hypothermia, inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis and unnecessary drains, allows them to be targeted. Implementation of a structured prevention bundle substantially reduces SSI rates, and stopping prophylactic antibiotics after 24 hours directly addresses the antibiotic-resistance challenge that makes SSI a leading contemporary surgical problem.

Maxillofacial oncological diseases remain a significant public health concern due to their rising prevalence, complex clinical course, and high risk of late diagnosis. The rapid development of electronic medical services has created new opportunities for improving cancer prevention, early detection, and patient management. This article aims to evaluate the role of electronic medical services in the prevention and protection of the population against maxillofacial oncological diseases. The study focuses on the use of digital health technologies, including electronic medical records, telemedicine platforms, and health information systems, in enhancing accessibility to oncological care, supporting early diagnostic processes, and improving preventive healthcare strategies. The findings demonstrate that electronic medical services contribute to timely identification of high-risk patients, optimization of clinical decision-making, and strengthening of preventive measures in maxillofacial oncology.

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) placement is a cornerstone procedure in acute hemodialysis units, serving as the primary vascular access for patients with acute kidney injury and for chronic hemodialysis patients without functional peripheral access. Although traditionally performed using anatomical landmarks, this approach is limited by anatomical variations and unrecognized venous thrombosis, leading to preventable complications.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational case series of 171 short-term CVC placements in adult patients at a single hemodialysis unit in Algiers, Algeria, between September 2010 and April 2011. All procedures were performed using a standardized six-step ultrasound-guided approach. Data were collected on patient demographics, indication for CVC, anatomical site, number of attempts, success rates, complications, changes in planned implantation site, and operator experience, which was categorized as 'junior' (fellow/resident) or 'senior' (attending) based on years of training and prior experience with ultrasound-guided CVC placement.

Results: The internal jugular vein was the most frequently used site (81%), with the right side preferred (58%). First-attempt success rates were 87% for the right internal jugular vein and 80% for the left. Femoral vein access was successful in all cases, with a first-attempt success rate of 82% .Overall success reached 100% by the second attempt. Pre-procedural ultrasound led to a change in the planned implantation site in 56 cases (33%), primarily due to detection of thrombosis or stenosis. Major complications were minimal: arterial puncture occurred in 1.2% and hematoma in 1.8%, with no pneumothorax or deaths. Junior physicians achieved higher success rates and reported greater confidence when using ultrasound compared with historical landmark-based practice.

Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided CVC placement, when performed using a systematic and structured approach, is safe, highly effective, and offers substantial pedagogical value. We advocate its routine use in hemodialysis units and recommend formal integration of ultrasound training into nephrology curricula.

The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classically relies on the association of clinical manifestations with positive serological tests, particularly antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Seronegative lupus is a rare entity characterized by negative immunological markers despite characteristic clinical features. Its prevalence is estimated between 2% and 10% of all lupus cases, with a higher frequency observed in male patients. We report the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with an isolated renal manifestation of lupus, in the absence of any other clinical or biological signs of systemic disease. The diagnostic work-up ruled out other etiologies, and the renal biopsy revealed a class IV proliferative glomerulonephritis with a characteristic "full-house" immunofluorescence pattern. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of seronegative lupus and the central role of renal biopsy in establishing the diagnosis. A review of the literature on seronegative lupus and male lupus is presented.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common and severe disorders of the early neonatal period in preterm infants.

Objective: to investigate the clinical features of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates according to gestational age.

Materials and Methods: The study included 60 neonates with RDS. Their gestational age ranged from 26 to 37 weeks. A general clinical examination was performed. The clinical severity of respiratory distress was assessed using the Silverman/Downes score.

Results: The incidence of severe birth asphyxia was two- to threefold higher among preterm neonates born at 26-28 weeks of gestation than among those born at 29-37 weeks. Assessment using the Silverman score showed that 94.7% of preterm neonates born at 26-28 weeks had extremely severe RDS, a substantially higher proportion than in the groups born at 29-37 weeks. In preterm neonates born at 33-37 weeks, RDS was predominantly mild.

Introduction: Renal failure is a serious condition that may occur in very young children. It is a common problem in nephrology; however, early diagnosis is important, and prognosis depends on the underlying etiology and early supportive care. Currently, it is possible in Algeria to provide care for these children in our adult nephrology department, thanks to recent progress in the treatment of this condition, represented by currently available dialysis methods adapted for children.

Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2008 to March 2018 at Beni Messous University Hospital, Algiers. We reviewed the records of 50 children treated in our peritoneal dialysis unit. The following parameters were studied: age, sex, initial nephropathy, dialysis modality and duration, and patient outcomes.

Results: Fifty children were included, comprising 19 boys and 31 girls, with ages ranging from 14 days to 16 years. The distribution of initial nephropathy was as follows: malformative uropathy in 13 children (26%), hereditary nephropathy in 9 children (18%), primary nephropathy in 8 children (16%), vascular nephropathy in 7 children (14%), secondary nephropathy in 3 children (6%), and indeterminate in 10 children (20%). The mean duration on dialysis was 13 months (range: 20 days to 4 years). The dialysis modality was automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in 20 children (40%) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 30 children (60%). The outcomes of our patients were as follows: recovery of renal function in 10 children (20%), kidney transplantation in 3 children (6%), transfer to hemodialysis in 5 children (10%), death in 16 children (32%), and 16 children (32%) currently on peritoneal dialysis.

Discussion and Conclusion: The management of children on dialysis in an adult department is a major challenge; however, the technical platform (hardware, nursing, etc.) was adapted to their care. This experience demonstrates that peritoneal dialysis can be successfully performed in children within an adult nephrology department when appropriate resources and trained personnel are available. The mortality rate in our cohort (32%) is higher than that reported in developed countries but consistent with data from developing countries where resources are limited.

Reimbursement systems face steady pressure to control pharmaceutical spending while protecting patient access, and off patent competition from generic medicines and biosimilars is a practical lever for this balance. In the United States, generic and biosimilar medicines produced 467 billion dollars in savings during 2024, yet the criteria that govern their inclusion in formularies remain uneven, and price often dominates. This article examines how multicriteria decision analysis can structure inclusion decisions for generics and biosimilars in reimbursement systems. Using comparative analysis, a structured review of peer reviewed methodological and applied literature, and content analysis of policy and regulatory documentation, the study organizes the relevant value dimensions into a coherent decision model. The results present an adapted workflow, a criterion set with indicative weights, and a worked application that separates the generic decision from the biosimilar decision. The work concludes that a transparent, weighted model improves consistency and supply resilience. Payers, health technology assessment analysts, and formulary committees will find the framework directly applicable.