Breast cancer remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, accounting for substantial morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden across both developed and developing countries. Despite remarkable advances in diagnostic technologies and therapeutic interventions, disparities in screening accessibility, preventive healthcare delivery, health literacy, and policy implementation continue to limit improvements in early detection and patient survival. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that the global burden of breast cancer is expected to increase considerably over the coming decades, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated population-based strategies capable of addressing both biological and health system determinants simultaneously (Arnold et al., 2022). Consequently, public health approaches have evolved beyond disease treatment toward comprehensive frameworks that emphasize prevention, risk assessment, organized screening, community engagement, policy support, and equitable healthcare access.

This review article develops an integrated public health framework for advancing early breast cancer detection, risk reduction, and preventive care by synthesizing evidence from existing literature. The study critically evaluates global epidemiological trends, current screening practices, healthcare inequalities, preventive interventions, policy initiatives, and emerging perspectives on population-level cancer control. Particular attention is given to the interaction between behavioral, environmental, biological, nutritional, and healthcare system factors influencing breast cancer outcomes. Furthermore, the review examines how coordinated public health infrastructures can improve screening participation, facilitate timely diagnosis, reduce healthcare disparities, and strengthen long-term survivorship care.

The proposed framework integrates primary prevention, organized screening programs, community education, policy development, multidisciplinary healthcare collaboration, digital surveillance, and continuous quality improvement into a unified model capable of supporting sustainable breast cancer control strategies. The review demonstrates that effective public health interventions require coordinated actions across healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, and community organizations rather than isolated clinical efforts. The findings suggest that strengthening preventive healthcare systems, expanding equitable screening services, promoting evidence-based policy implementation, and integrating risk-based population management can substantially improve early diagnosis while reducing disease burden globally. The proposed framework offers practical guidance for future research, healthcare planning, and public health policy aimed at achieving comprehensive breast cancer prevention and control.