Volume 8.
Issue 05.

The new collection of medicinal plants, including Water Pepper, Tuberculosis, and Medicinal Chamomile, is recommended for medical use as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, blood clotting enhancer, metabolism enhancer, blood formation enhancer, blood sugar reducer, and other diseases. The effect of tinctures of medicinal plants in different proportions on the amount of erythrocytes in the blood was studied by the screening method. Tincture No. 1: Water pepper, St. John's wort and Medicinal chamomile - selected in a ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. This tincture had a strong effect on the amount of erythrocytes in the blood.  

Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and atherogenic dyslipidemia, and modification of dietary composition is considered an important approach to its correction. The aim of the study was to dynamically and comparatively evaluate the effect of a modified ketogenic diet on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters under conditions of experimental metabolic syndrome. During the correction stage, the animals were divided into seven groups: intact control, metabolic syndrome control, MS + traditional ketogenic diet (TKD), MS + modified ketogenic diet (MKD), MS + ezetimibe, MS + metformin, and MS + metformin + ezetimibe (n=8 in each group). The MKD consisted of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% carbohydrate. Correction was continued for 30 days, and glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were assessed on days 10, 20, and 30. In the MKD group, glucose decreased from 6.9 mmol/L on day 10 to 4.8 mmol/L on day 30, insulin from 20.6 to 17.7, total cholesterol from 5.8 to 3.3 mmol/L, TG from 1.70 to 1.22 mmol/L, and LDL from 0.93 to 0.59 mmol/L, whereas HDL increased from 0.61 to 0.70 mmol/L. The results demonstrated that MKD was associated with favorable correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disturbances in experimental metabolic syndrome.

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for managing acute, non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain (<6 weeks) and summarizes findings across efficacy, safety, acceptability, and cost-related considerations. A structured literature search was conducted on 15 June 2025 across four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus) for publications from 1 January 2021 to 15 June 2025, supplemented by targeted website screening, outreach to relevant organisations, and backward citation searching. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 with deduplication, title/abstract screening, and full-text assessment; 18 studies meeting the acute <6 weeks criterion was included in the final evidence base and narratively synthesized. Across the included evidence, advice to remain active and graded mobilization were consistently represented as core components of care, while selected modalities (e.g., superficial heat and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) demonstrated short-term symptom relief in some settings. Evidence for cryotherapy was inconsistent and generally of low certainty in acute sprain populations, and findings for manual therapy and complementary approaches were heterogeneous and often condition-specific. Psychoeducational approaches were associated with improvements in pain-related cognitions (e.g., catastrophizing) in limited pilot evidence. Overall, the literature supports a pragmatic multimodal approach that prioritizes early activity and function, complemented by short-acting physical/neuromodulatory modalities and brief psychoeducation when appropriate; however, heterogeneity of populations, intervention parameters, and outcomes limits definitive comparative conclusions, and longer-term trials of predefined combinations are needed. The article will be helpful to clinicians, physiotherapists, pain specialists, and researchers developing integrated models of non-pharmacological rehabilitation.

Skin cancer (SC) is a major health problem that demands early detection and classification for the best chances of survival. Existing computer vision techniques lack the capacity to address the fine-grained variability exhibited by skin lesion features across surfaces. It is important to identify the SC signs early as the incidence and death rates of this disease are rising rapidly, along with the cost of care. Techniques for diagnosing SC often rely on visual analysis or techniques that do not have accurate results; this can be dangerous for the patient. Hence, deep learning (DL) methods have proved helpful for researchers to construct different methods for the early detection of SC. To distinguish SC from melanoma, these techniques used the lesion's color, size, form, symmetry, and other features. Using the HAM10000 dataset, a sizable and varied dataset, this work suggests a novel DL-based SC detection and diagnosis scheme (DL-SCDCM) that employs DL techniques, particularly CNN, to guarantee an accurate but efficient diagnosis. The proposed CNN model was trained before testing, and it demonstrated impressive performance, correctly diagnosing seven distinct skin lesion types with an accuracy of 96.9 %. Furthermore, the results were compared to those of other research that proposed a slightly different approach, and the proposed model outperformed the others in these comparisons.

Of particular interest are not only the respiratory tract lesions but also the systemic manifestations of the infectious process, among which skin changes occupy a significant place. Experience shows that with viral respiratory infections, skin manifestations often become an early diagnostic sign, allowing one to suspect the severity of the disease or the presence of complications.

Emergency care for small companion animals depends on speed, coordinated action, and stable clinical judgment under pressure. Within that chain, the veterinary technician connects triage, early stabilization, monitoring, communication with owners, and transfer of information across the treatment pathway. The article examines how this position has moved beyond procedural assistance and taken on a coordinating function inside emergency and critical care. The aim is to determine how veterinary technicians support early prioritization, how their technical work shapes continuity of treatment, and how workforce conditions influence the dependability of emergency services. The study draws on recent peer-reviewed publications and professional guidelines published between 2021 and 2025. Comparative analysis, source analysis, conceptual synthesis, and analytical generalization were used. The results identify three interlinked functions of the veterinary technician in emergency systems: accelerating first-line intervention, reducing information loss during handoffs, and sustaining team performance under pressure. The conclusions have direct practical value for staffing models, protocol design, and clinical training.

The material is based on an analysis of modern scientific publications, clinical observations, and laboratory data from patients diagnosed in gastroenterology and pediatric departments in Uzbekistan.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a central procedure in modern cardiology, but the long-term prognosis of patients with chronic coronary disease is determined not only by mechanical revascularization. Durable benefit after PCI depends on the systematic control of atherosclerotic risk, correct selection and duration of antiplatelet therapy, intensive lipid lowering, blood pressure and glycemic optimization, antianginal treatment, rehabilitation, and patient adherence. Recent European and American recommendations increasingly frame coronary artery disease as a chronic, multidisciplinary condition that requires coordinated follow-up after the catheterization laboratory. This review summarizes current evidence and provides a practical outpatient algorithm for therapy departments and interventional cardiology services managing adults after PCI. The article focuses on five clinically important domains: antithrombotic therapy, lipid-lowering escalation, antianginal and hemodynamic treatment, cardiometabolic risk modification, and structured post-discharge follow-up. A stepwise checklist is proposed for visits at 7-14 days, 1-3 months, and 6-12 months after PCI. The practical aim is to reduce fragmentation of care, improve documentation of treatment goals, and help physicians translate guideline recommendations into everyday practice. The proposed approach is particularly relevant for patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obesity, previous myocardial infarction, multivessel coronary disease, and high bleeding risk, in whom a single uniform post-PCI prescription is insufficient.

Bronchial asthma is considered one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory diseases globally, and leukotriene receptor antagonists occupy an important place in its pharmacotherapy. Montelukast sodium is one of the highly effective antileukotriene drugs widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and it is manufactured in generic forms by various pharmaceutical companies. Variations in excipient composition, manufacturing technology, stability indicators, and biopharmaceutical properties of preparations containing the identical active substance can significantly influence their therapeutic efficacy and overall quality. In this article, the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of domestic and foreign montelukast-based tablet preparations were analyzed based on modern scientific literature. The literature review elucidates the chemical composition of the preparations, the role of excipients, dissolution profiles, bioequivalence, stability, and quality control methods, including HPLC and UV-spectrophotometric analytical methods. Furthermore, the key factors influencing the quality parameters of generic preparations were scientifically evaluated. The obtained data indicate that an in-depth study of the pharmaceutical equivalence of montelukast preparations and the optimization of their quality control are of profound importance.

The presence of GERD in patients with BA and COPD is accompanied by a significant increase in the detection frequency and concentration of pepsin in the saliva. GERD varies in the inflammatory profile in BA and COPD, which confirms the need for a non-specific approach. Therapy with the addition of a prokinetic (itoprid) leads to a significant decrease in pepsin levels, a reduction in systemic inflammation, and an improvement in external respiratory function. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widespread among patients suffering from bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is considered a factor aggravating the clinical course of respiratory pathology. However, the contribution of various types of reflux, including weak acid and mixed reflux, to the formation of the inflammatory response has not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of GERD on the systemic inflammatory profile and external respiratory function indicators in patients with BA and COPD, as well as to determine the diagnostic significance of pepsin in saliva as a proximal reflux marker. The study included 120 patients (n=60 symptomatic, n=60 asymptomatic) distributed by the presence of GERD symptoms, with additional stratification by nosology. All patients underwent clinical assessment, spirometry, endoscopy, daily pH measurement, determination of C-reactive protein, and measurement of salivary pepsin content (bottom ≥ 16 ng/ml). The presence of GERD signs is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of pepsin and its concentration detection in BA and COPD (p<0.001). In patients with BA, GERD was accompanied by a more pronounced systemic inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory profile in COPD is primarily neutrophilic-eosinophilic in nature, demonstrating a less direct correlation with the clinical manifestations of GERD. Against the background of therapy with itopride, a statistically significant decrease in pepsin concentration, S-reactive protein levels, and an improvement in OFV1 indicators were noted (p<0.05).

The presented work examines structural changes in insulin target tissues and their relationship with the metabolic status of the body. Morphometric analysis, immunohistochemical methods and comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters were used as a methodological basis.

The article presents a picture of changes in the side effects of these drugs on the cardiovascular system in 79 patients with glomerulonephritis who were prescribed immunosuppressive therapy of various compositions, using biochemical laboratory analyses as an example of cardiospecific indicators. At the same time, the results of studies on the specifics of the negative effects of immunosuppressive agents on the myocardium in the study groups where hormones and cytostatics were recommended were analyzed. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn and relevant recommendations were formulated.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation therapy, are biologically oriented approaches that may support postoperative wound healing and scar remodeling. This narrative review summarizes the mechanisms of hypertrophic scar formation, PRP effects on dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix remodeling, and LLLT-mediated regulation of inflammation, microcirculation and mitochondrial activity. Particular attention is paid to the pathogenetic rationale for combining PRP and LLLT in the early postoperative period. The review emphasizes that this combined approach should be regarded as biologically plausible, but not yet as a standardized method, because clinical protocols, PRP preparation techniques, laser parameters and outcome measures remain heterogeneous.

This review article discusses a number of factors affecting structural and functional changes, morphological alterations, and vascular permeability in chronic kidney disease. It also reflects views and opinions on the analysis of studies conducted in subsequent decades on the pathological profile of endothelial dysfunction indicators. At the same time, various areas for future research in this field are discussed.

Endometrial cancer (EC) stands as the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, with global incidence rates surpassing 417,000 new cases annually and a rising trend driven by obesity, metabolic syndromes, and demographic shifts toward aging populations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become integral to EC management, serving as a surrogate for molecular profiling to classify tumors into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) subgroups: POLE-mutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd), p53-abnormal (p53abn), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP). This classification refines diagnosis, prognosticates outcomes—with POLEmut offering excellent survival (5-year recurrence-free survival [RFS] >95%) and p53abn indicating poor prognosis (5-year overall survival [OS] <50%)—and guides theragnostic decisions, such as identifying MMRd tumors (20-30% prevalence) for immunotherapy due to high PD-L1 expression (up to 100%). Emerging IHC markers like L1CAM, CTNNB1, and AKR1B1/AKR1B10 further stratify NSMP tumors, enhancing precision in risk assessment and adjuvant therapy selection. In parallel, letrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, has evolved as a key endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) EC, particularly in advanced or recurrent settings where 70-80% of tumors express ER/PR. Monotherapy yields modest objective response rates (ORRs) of 8-14% and progression-free survival (PFS) of 3-4 months, but recent trials (2020-2025) combining letrozole with mTOR inhibitors (e.g., everolimus), CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., abemaciclib, palbociclib), or metformin have markedly improved efficacy, achieving ORRs of 25-32%, clinical benefit rates (CBRs) of 40-75%, and PFS up to 9.1 months in ER+ endometrioid subtypes. Biomarkers such as CTNNB1 mutations and ER/PR IHC positivity predict enhanced responses, while safety profiles show predominantly low-grade toxicities (e.g., fatigue, anemia, neutropenia). This expanded systematic review synthesizes data from over 70 high-impact studies, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to underscore IHC's diagnostic/prognostic/theragnostic utility and letrozole's advancing role in precision endocrine therapy. It highlights the need for integrated biomarker-driven strategies to address EC heterogeneity, reduce recurrence (up to 30% in advanced cases), and improve OS in underserved populations, including ethnic minorities with distinct molecular profiles. Future avenues include phase III trials validating combinations and multi-omic integration for personalized regimens, potentially transforming EC from a hormone-driven malignancy into a manageable chronic condition.

The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the health of children and adolescents, especially those with chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. One of the most challenging clinical challenges in recent years has been monitoring patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who have recovered from COVID-19.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is accompanied by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and hepatobiliary dysfunction [1, 2]. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are key components of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism [7–9]. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a modified ketogenic diet (MKD; 60% fat, 30% protein, 10% carbohydrate) on hepatobiliary, metabolic, inflammatory, and lipoprotein-related parameters in an experimental rabbit model of MetS, with particular emphasis on ApoE and LPL dynamics. Methods: Sixty Chinchilla rabbits entered the experiment. Eight formed the intact control group, whereas MetS was induced in 52 animals for 60 days using crystalline cholesterol (250 mg/kg), 5% sucrose solution, and subcutaneous insulin (0.1 U/100 g every other day) [5]. Four animals died during induction. The remaining 48 animals with MetS were allocated to six groups (n=8 each): MetS control, traditional ketogenic diet (TKD), MKD, MKD+ezetimibe (0.14 mg/kg/day), MKD+metformin (25 mg/kg/day), and MKD+metformin+ezetimibe. Treatment lasted 30 days. Biochemical variables were assessed on days 10, 20, and 30; ApoE and LPL were measured by ELISA. Results: In the MKD group, ALT decreased from 64.4±5.8 U/L on day 10 to 49.9±4.8 U/L on day 30, GGT from 14.9±1.6 to 12.4±1.2 U/L, and albumin increased from 35.9±3.2 to 40.5±3.9 g/L. ApoE decreased from 26.2±1.2 to 23.2±1.2 and 21.2±1.1 mg/dL, whereas LPL increased from 25.8±0.8 to 27.0±0.8 and 30.8±0.9 ng/mL on days 10, 20, and 30, respectively. Conclusion: MKD was associated with improvement in hepatobiliary, metabolic, inflammatory, and lipoprotein-related indices in experimental MetS. ApoE and LPL showed clear time-dependent responses and warrant further investigation as research indicators of lipoprotein metabolic changes.

The article presents the results of a study on changes in calcium-phosphorus balance in patients with chronic kidney disease, depending on the level of fetuin-A in the blood serum, and on the calcification processes that occur in the body. It also discusses changes in calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and vitamin D, as well as the occurrence of cardiac calcification, in the study groups with normal and low levels of fetuin-A. The conclusions based on the conducted studies also recognize the promising research that needs to be done in this regard.

Cardiovascular complications remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Elevated cardiac biomarkers, including troponin and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are associated with subclinical myocardial injury and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Intradialytic physical exercise has recently gained attention as a potential non-pharmacological strategy for improving cardiovascular health in hemodialysis patients.

Basis: metaplastic mammary cancer is a rare type of tumor with high aggressiveness of mammary gland cancer, and skin scarring (wound formation) causes much more complexity in clinical practice, dramatically reducing the patient's quality of life. Today, there are no standard treatment guidelines for the treatment of metaplastic breast cancer, and this skin-related condition associated with breast tumors limits treatment options. Diagnosis: in this article we will provide information on the effectiveness of metaplastic mammary gland cancer and skin scarring in the treatment of a patient with exudation(detachment) and acute odor based on his immunogystochemical and molecular-genetic profile. Intervention: in a lawsuit with docetaxel + carboplatin AUK 5.5, the patient showed severe pain in the patient after taking Course 3, increased bleeding marks in the injured area, no change in the tumor was observed when evaluated. When treated by changing the scheme to CAP (Endoxan, doxorubicin, carboplatin) +bevasizumab(based on the molecular-genetic examination profile), there was a complete end to the skin wound and a decrease in the size of the tumor.In the next stage, the patient was treated with radical mastectomy and radiation therapy.  Result: The patient's quality of life improved after complex treatment, the patient's condition improved, and the disease regressed. Conclusion: This study showed that the treatment of metastatic breast cancer should be based on immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic profiling, and that this approach yields good results.

The problem of immunodeficiency conditions in young children has recently been considered one of the most challenging in modern pediatrics and pediatric immunology. Children with thymic enlargement attract particular attention from specialists, as enlargement of the thymus gland is often accompanied by changes in cellular and humoral immunity, increased susceptibility to infections, prolonged inflammatory diseases, and decreased adaptive capacity.

Distal occlusion is one of the most common malocclusions encountered in orthodontic practice, often leading to functional, aesthetic, and psychological concerns for patients. The present study aims to improve orthodontic treatment approaches for patients with distal occlusion by analyzing modern diagnostic methods, treatment planning strategies, and the effectiveness of various orthodontic appliances. The research focuses on individualized treatment protocols that consider patient age, severity of malocclusion, and skeletal versus dental characteristics. Special attention is given to the integration of contemporary technologies, including digital imaging and 3D modeling, to enhance treatment accuracy and predictability. The study also evaluates the efficiency of removable and fixed appliances, functional devices, and combined treatment methods in achieving optimal occlusal relationships. The findings suggest that a comprehensive and patient-centered approach significantly improves treatment outcomes, reduces treatment duration, and enhances long-term stability. These results contribute to the development of more effective orthodontic strategies for managing distal occlusion.

Human embryogenesis is a complex, multi-stage process of intrauterine development, beginning at the moment of fertilization and continuing until birth. The study of embryogenesis occupies a special place in modern medical biology, as it is during the early stages of development that human organs, tissues, and functional systems are formed.

At present, there is no optimal treatment method for infectious complications of diabetic foot syndrome, especially in cases of sepsis, developing against the background of diabetes mellitus. Despite advances in modern medicine in recent years, the timely diagnosis and proper treatment of infectious complications associated with diabetes mellitus remain highly relevant. The main risk factors for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and various forms of sepsis in purulent-necrotic diseases of soft tissues and postoperative wound infections have been identified. In addition, rational principles of surgical and conservative treatment of local and generalized forms of soft tissue infection are described. This review article presents modern approaches to the treatment of infectious complications developing in patients with diabetes mellitus, and discusses classifications as well as перспективные направления развития методов хирургического лечения.

This review article examines the clinical, morphological, structural, and functional changes, as well as the immunolaboratory characteristics and treatment challenges associated with chronic glomerulonephritis resistant to pathogenetic therapy. It also outlines the fundamental principles for treating refractory glomerulonephritis, alongside research and considerations from recent decades. Furthermore, it identifies various areas of research needed for the treatment of refractory glomerulonephritis.

Children who underwent mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period are at increased risk of recurrent respiratory diseases. These conditions may be associated with prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, prolonged oxygen therapy, and immune system immaturity. This article discusses the main clinical and immunological aspects of respiratory morbidity in this group of children, with emphasis on recurrent infections, bronchial obstruction, immune status, and inflammatory markers.