Volume 7.
Issue 12.

The social integration of ex-combatants into civilian life presents complex psychosocial challenges, particularly in regions affected by protracted insecurity, such as Cameroon’s northwest. Ex-combatants often face stigma, mistrust, and marginalization that hinder both their personal well-being and their ability to reconnect with their communities. This study investigates the impact of self-acceptance on social integration among ex-combatants, utilizing Ryff’s multidimensional model of psychological well-being. A cross-sectional correlational mixed-methods design combines quantitative and qualitative data collection at a single point in time to explore the relationship and patterns between variables, providing a more comprehensive understanding.  This study involves the simultaneous collection of numerical data for correlational analysis and narrative data for deeper insights, providing a richer understanding of a research problem from 45 ex-combatants residing in Bamenda through standardized Likert-type scales and participant interviews. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between self-acceptance and social integration (r = 0.51, p < .001), with regression analysis indicating that self-acceptance explained 26% of the variance in social integration outcomes. Indicator-level analyses highlighted “inner peace” as the strongest dimension associated with community social integration, underscoring the importance of emotional reconciliation alongside material support. Qualitative narratives contextualized these results, revealing themes of identity reconstruction, stigma management, and the restorative impact of symbolic validation, such as pensions and family achievements. Together, these findings suggest that sustainable social integration cannot be achieved only through economic measures but requires targeted psychological support that enables ex-combatants to reconcile with their past and rebuild a coherent sense of self. The study calls for a paradigm shift in social integration policy in Cameroon that integrates trauma-informed, acceptance-based interventions into existing programs as a pathway to both ex-combatant wellness and broader social stability.

The article discusses the scientific foundations and practical technologies of combined ultrasonic and infrared hair treatment to restore and improve performance. It has been shown that acoustic cavitation in the frequency range of 20-40 kHz leads to mechanical and chemical destruction of the disulfide bonds of keratin, increasing the access of therapeutic compounds to the cortical layer of the hair. Infrared radiation (800-1200 nm) provides controlled heating and "sealing" of cuticle scales, which helps to preserve the improved properties of the fiber. The prospects for further optimization of processing parameters, the development of new nanoformules based on keratin hydrolysates, as well as the possibility of introducing the technique into salon and home practice are discussed. The information presented in the article will be of interest to specialists in the field of trichology and dermatological biophysics who study the molecular and structural mechanisms of the interaction of acoustic and photonic fields with the keratin matrix of the hair and develop innovative therapeutic protocols for alopecia and other hair pathologies. The practical value of the material is also obvious for clinical cosmetologists and developers of high-tech care products focused on integrating controlled physical methods of exposure into aesthetic procedures and pharmaceutical formulas to optimize hair regeneration and strengthening.

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is one of the most common neurological conditions in elderly patients and has a significant negative impact on functional status and quality of life. Progression of CCI is associated with cognitive decline, impaired postural control, reduced physical activity, and an increased risk of falls, largely due to vascular disorders and autonomic dysfunction. One of the key manifestations of autonomic impairment in this population is orthostatic hypotension, which contributes to statodynamic instability and traumatic complications.

The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension in elderly patients with different stages of chronic cerebral ischemia in order to optimize diagnostic approaches and develop individualized strategies for treatment and prevention.

The study included 147 elderly patients aged 60–89 years diagnosed with chronic cerebral ischemia and hospitalized in the neurological department of Andijan State Medical Institute between 2019 and 2022. Patients were divided into three groups according to the stage of CCI. A control group consisted of relatively healthy individuals. Clinical assessment included evaluation of postural stability using the Romberg and Unterberger tests, measurement of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in horizontal and vertical positions (orthostatic test), and statistical analysis.

The results demonstrated a progressive increase in the severity and frequency of autonomic disturbances with advancing stages of CCI. Patients with early-stage CCI exhibited mild autonomic symptoms, whereas those with advanced stages showed pronounced orthostatic hypotension, cardiac rhythm disturbances, thermoregulation disorders, and frequent syncopal episodes. These findings indicate a strong association between the progression of chronic cerebral ischemia and the severity of orthostatic hypotension, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and targeted management in elderly patients.

In recent years, interest in the use of medicinal plants in medicine has been increasing. One of the most studied and in-demand plants is licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose roots possess unique pharmacological properties. Licorice root is used in the treatment of various respiratory diseases, gastritis, chronic inflammatory processes, and also exhibits immunomodulatory and rejuvenating effects. The aim of this work is to systematize data on the chemical composition of licorice root, its pharmacological effects, and clinical applications, as well as to discuss modern phytopreparations based on it.

This article examines the fundamental and applied aspects of occupational physiology as a scientific discipline that studies the impact of work on the functional state of the human body.

Prolonged screen time has become a defining characteristic of modern digital behavior and is increasingly associated with adverse musculoskeletal outcomes. This study aimed to examine the anatomical and biomechanical effects of extended screen exposure on abdominal muscle tone and postural alignment using ultrasound morphometry, surface electromyography, photogrammetric postural analysis, and biomechanical load assessment. The findings demonstrate that individuals with high daily screen time exhibit significant reductions in deep abdominal muscle thickness, decreased tonic activation of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles, and earlier onset of fatigue during trunk stabilization tasks. Postural measurements revealed increased forward-head posture, enhanced thoracic kyphosis, and diminished lumbar lordosis, accompanied by greater lumbar shear forces and anterior head shift during device use. These alterations indicate a transition from active muscular stabilization to passive structural support, contributing to functional imbalance and musculoskeletal discomfort. The results underscore the importance of integrated anatomical and biomechanical evaluation in understanding the impact of digital lifestyle habits and highlight the need for ergonomic and behavioral interventions to mitigate the effects of prolonged screen time on abdominal muscle function and posture.

Acne remains a global dermatological problem, the burden of which continues to grow. Traditional treatment methods for severe forms, in particular intralesional injections (ILK), are associated with significant risks, including irreversible skin atrophy. The aim of this study is a systematic analysis and theoretical justification of protocols that combine nanostructured serums (NSS) and apparatus-based delivery methods (ADM) as an innovative noninvasive alternative. The methodology is based on a systematic review of academic and industry sources, including a comparative analysis of clinical data. The results show that NSS (for example, liposomal tretinoin) demonstrates 1.5-fold higher efficacy in comedone reduction (94.17% vs 62.36%) and significantly better tolerability compared to conventional gels. Device-based methods, including sonophoresis and LADD, show efficacy (80-89% improvement) comparable to injections. Synergistic protocols (LED photobiomodulation + nano-gel) have clinically demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce the number of papules (-61.58%), sebum level, and erythema. In conclusion, it is noted that the integration of NSS and ADM represents a clinically substantiated, safe, and highly effective alternative to invasive therapy. The findings will be of interest to dermatologists, cosmetologist-estheticians, and researchers in the field of pharmaceutical delivery.

The retroperitoneum is a structurally complex anatomical region characterized by extensive variability in vascular, fascial, and organ morphology, which may influence diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcomes. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize anatomical variants of retroperitoneal organs through comprehensive analysis of CT and MRI imaging data in correlation with cadaveric anatomical specimens. A combined radiologic–anatomic approach was used to evaluate multidetector CT and MRI examinations alongside standardized cadaveric dissections, allowing classification and comparison of variants involving the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, retroperitoneal vessels, and fascial compartments. A broad spectrum of anatomical variants was observed, including accessory renal arteries, atypical venous drainage patterns, deviations in ureteral trajectories, and variations in adrenal morphology, while fascial configurations demonstrated substantial variability often identifiable only with cadaveric correlation. CT provided the highest accuracy for vascular and positional variants, whereas MRI better delineated soft-tissue and fascial structures. Radiologic–anatomic correlation improved recognition of subtle variants that were inconsistently detected on imaging alone. These findings underscore the clinical importance of understanding retroperitoneal variability, as many variants directly influence surgical planning, oncologic staging, and interpretation of retroperitoneal pathology. Integration of CT and MRI assessment with cadaveric validation enhances diagnostic precision and contributes to a more accurate understanding of retroperitoneal topography, supporting its value for improving clinical outcomes.

Background: In recent years, Uzbekistan has faced a renewed challenge in controlling measles, with a noticeable rise in adult cases after the COVID-19 pandemic. While measles is typically regarded as a childhood disease, the infection in adults often follows a more severe course and is accompanied by frequent complications. The reduction in population immunity, combined with incomplete vaccination histories, has contributed to the re-emergence of measles among adults. Evaluating both the clinical presentation and serological immune response, particularly measles-specific IgG antibodies, is crucial for understanding current patterns of susceptibility. Objective: To describe the clinical and immunological characteristics of measles in adults in Uzbekistan during 2023–2025, with particular attention to disease severity, complications, and IgG antibody profiles. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at the 3rd clinic of Tashkent Me and several regional clinics. The study consisted of 187 adults aged 18–59 years with laboratory-confirmed measles. Diagnosis was based on characteristic clinical features and the detection of measles-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each patient underwent a detailed clinical assessment and standard laboratory testing. IgG titers were measured at admission and again on days 10–14 to evaluate immune response and seroconversion. Results: Most patients were young adults (mean age 28.4 ± 9.7 years); 72 % reported no prior vaccination. Fever above 39 °C, cough, conjunctivitis, and generalized rash were the predominant symptoms. Complications developed in 37.9 % of patients, most often pneumonia, hepatitis, or gastrointestinal involvement. Laboratory findings commonly showed leukopenia and moderate elevation of liver enzymes. At admission, 26 % of patients had no significant measles-specific IgG, indicating susceptibility despite presumed prior exposure. Among those with paired sera, 84 % demonstrated a fourfold increase in IgG titers during convalescence, confirming an active immune response. Conclusion: Adult measles in Uzbekistan during the post-pandemic period was characterized by a moderate to severe clinical course and a high rate of complications. The detection of low IgG levels in a considerable proportion of patients highlights existing immunity gaps among adults. Incorporating IgG screening into routine epidemiological surveillance and extending vaccination programs to adults could help identify at-risk groups and strengthen measles control in the upcoming years.

It was found that Mandels medium was optimal for T. harzianum 55, and Capek medium was optimal for T. harzianum 54, T. asperellum 12. However, in order to increase the production of phytohormones by these strains, the composition of the medium was changed to enrich and reduce the cost of the medium. That is, Mandels and Capek mediums were prepared with 2% sucrose and 2% other carbon sources (molasses, cottonseed meal, crushed cotton leaves and corn extract) added, the strains were grown in them, and the production of GC and Indole complexes was studied. It was found that all three strains produced the most active GC and Indole complexes in mediums enriched with corn extract and molasses. In the control variant, it was found that in these nutrient media, the amount of indole compounds synthesized by T. harzianum 55 was 0.559 mg/ml and the amount of GC was 0.172 mg/ml, the amount of indole compounds synthesized by P. Canescens 54 was 0.418 mg/ml, the amount of GC was 0.189 mg/ml, and the amount of indole compounds synthesized by F. moniliforme 12 was 0.518 mg/ml and the amount of GC was 0.194 mg/ml.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between obesity and the risk of fractures by means of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methodology: This is a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Data collection took place between November 2023 and January 2024, with the last search date being January 31, 2023. Results: 13,263 participants were included, with an average age of 40 to 62 years. 02 studies reported the risk of ankle fractures in this population and another 02 evaluated the relationship by body segment. The main types of fracture related to obesity were ankle and lower limb fractures, most of which were associated with low-energy trauma. Conclusion: Ankle fractures were the main ones associated with obesity, while in areas such as the hip, the accumulation of surrounding fat can help dissipate energy after trauma, contributing to a reduction in fractures in these regions.

Property crime is a vice that is alarming in secondary schools in Cameroon. It’s a severe crime and call for concern especially in schools due to lack of needs and vulnerability of students. Nowadays, the rate at which adolescent students are involved in property crime is alarming. They engage in the various aspects of property crime such as: burglary, vandalism, arson, and larceny. Contextualizing property crime by peers included bicycle theft, book theft, snacks theft, which may have adverse psychosocial effects on the victims. Though they are diverse forms of victimisation among adolescents such as obvert victimisation, relational, property crime and power imbalance, this paper focuses on how property crime (burglary, vandalism, arson, and larceny and theft) lead to psychosocial maladjustments of adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon. Contextualizing property crime by peers included bicycle theft, book theft, snacks theft. Mixed method was used in collecting data. Purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select a sample which comprised of adolescent students (577), counsellors (12) and discipline masters (12) from some schools in the North West, South West, Centre, and Adamawa Region (613). The instruments used for data collection were a closed-ended questionnaire for students, a focus group discussion with students, and an interview for counsellors and discipline masters/mistresses. Data obtained were analysed descriptively and inferentially using cross-tabulations, percentages, and multiple response sets. Statistically, findings showed that property significantly predicts psychosocial maladjustment of adolescents in secondary schools (P < 0.001), which is far less than 0.05. The positive sign of the correlation value (R= 0.501**) implies that adolescents are more likely to suffer from psychosocial maladjustments when there is a constant or persistent occurrence of property crime in the school environment. Therefore, the null hypothesis, which stated that property crime does not predict the psychosocial maladjustments of adolescent students in secondary school, was rejected. The findings imply that when there is persistent occurrence of property crime, the victim turn to suffer from psychosocial maladjustment. In order to reduce the adverse effects of property crime and promote positive psychosocial maladjustments among adolescent the various stakeholders especially parents, teachers, school administrators, and counsellors should play unique roles in organising forums to advice and counsel the students on the disadvantages of property crime. Furthermore, much security should be put in place based on property crime. Students who take bicycles to school should be advised to chain and lock them to avoid theft. Concerning theft of books, snacks, bags, and other properties in the class, students are advised to write their names on their books, and teachers and other school administrators are equally advised to counsel the students on the disadvantages of stealing. Parents should have talks with their children at home about such acts.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects 25% of all epileptic patients, and quality of life decreases in these patients due to their seizures. Early detection is crucial in order to establish potential treatment alternatives and determine if the patient is a surgical candidate. Neurosurgical treatment may improve seizures in children and adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy, but additional data are needed from randomized trials. A total of 47 patients were identified; 10 treated with ASMs, 3 treated with ASMs + VNS, and 34 treated with ASMs + cranial epilepsy surgery. In this single-center trial, children and adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy who had undergone different types of epilepsy surgery had a significantly higher rate of freedom from seizures and better scores with respect to behavior and quality of life than did those who continued medical therapy alone. The surgery resulted in expected neurological deficits related to the area of brain resection.

Alopecia in early stages destroys person's psyche before medical treatment has time to work. Classical dermatology prescribes medications and says wait three-six months, ignoring that person needs something right now - physically for scalp condition and psychologically for mental health preservation. Barber care methods - scalp massage, professional cleansing, stimulating procedures - exist for centuries but medicine doesn't take them seriously, relegating to aesthetics sphere rather than treatment. This article explores how barber care integration with medical treatment affects scalp condition and psychological well-being in early hair loss stages. Examined physiological mechanisms of massage impact on microcirculation, how cleansing reduces local inflammation and improves medication penetration, why regular care psychologically reframes situation from "I'm sick and treating" to "I'm taking care of myself". Special attention to barbers' role in early baldness diagnosis, as they see clients regularly and can notice problems before medical professionals, especially in men who traditionally rarely visit dermatologists until situation becomes critical. Theoretical literature analysis shows combined approach gives better results than medical treatment alone - physically through creating optimal hair growth conditions, psychologically through stress reduction which itself worsens alopecia through neuroendocrine and immunological mechanisms. Needed development of barber-dermatologist collaboration models, creation of training programs for barbers to recognize early signs of different alopecia types and ethically correctly refer clients to medical professionals, care protocols standardization for different baldness forms. Barber care doesn't replace pharmacological treatment but organically complements it, making therapeutic process less medicalized, psychologically more comfortable and potentially more effective through medical and care approaches synergy.

This article analyzes the fundamental mechanisms of muscle tissue physiology, encompassing the molecular, cellular, and systemic aspects of its functioning.

Amyloid plaque distribution in Alzheimer’s disease exhibits pronounced regional specificity across cortical and subcortical brain structures, reflecting underlying patterns of neural connectivity and differential tissue vulnerability. This study aimed to investigate the pathoanatomical correlations of amyloid deposition using combined macroscopic assessment, histological examination, and quantitative morphometric analysis. Cortical regions—especially temporal and parietal association areas—demonstrated the highest plaque burden, with a characteristic laminar preference for layers II–III and V–VI. Subcortical nuclei displayed heterogeneous involvement, with the basal forebrain and amygdala showing early and prominent plaque accumulation, whereas the thalamus and striatum were affected to a lesser degree. Morphometric evaluation and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed coordinated anatomical gradients consistent with trans-synaptic propagation models, highlighting the role of interconnected neural pathways in the spread of amyloid pathology. Differences in plaque morphology between cortical and subcortical regions further emphasized region-specific microenvironmental influences. These findings underscore the value of integrated pathoanatomical approaches for improving the understanding of Alzheimer’s disease progression and refining diagnostic and staging criteria.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a key pathophysiological mechanism underlying acute coronary syndromes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), one of the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictors, plays a central role in coronary vasomotor dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and plaque instability. Despite growing interest in endothelin-mediated pathways, the clinical and prognostic significance of ET-1 in unstable angina remains insufficiently characterized, particularly in Central Asian populations. Objective: To investigate serum endothelin-1 levels in patients with unstable angina, to assess their association with clinical severity, ischemic burden, inflammatory activity, and to evaluate their prognostic value during short-term follow-up. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between 2024 and 2025 in tertiary cardiology centers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. A total of 112 patients with unstable angina and 40 apparently healthy controls were enrolled. Serum ET-1 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical characteristics, frequency of angina attacks, ambulatory ECG monitoring parameters, and inflammatory markers were analyzed. Patients were followed for early adverse cardiovascular events. Results: Patients with unstable angina exhibited significantly higher ET-1 levels compared with controls (0.78 ± 0.21 vs. 0.26 ± 0.09 fmol/mL, p < 0.001). Elevated ET-1 was associated with increased ischemic burden, recurrent angina episodes, and unfavorable ECG patterns. A strong positive correlation was observed between ET-1 concentration and angina frequency (r = 0.54, p < 0.01). Persistently elevated ET-1 levels were predictive of early adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusion: Endothelin-1 is a sensitive marker of endothelial dysfunction and an independent predictor of disease severity and short-term prognosis in unstable angina. Routine assessment of ET-1 may enhance risk stratification and guide personalized therapeutic strategies in acute coronary syndromes.

Long-term care facilities face a dual systemic strain: widespread comorbidity of mental disorders among residents and a high volume of preventable hospitalizations, which collectively imposes an excessive burden on healthcare. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical rationale and present a comprehensive modular program that integrates psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions into the routine practice of nursing homes, focusing on improving residents’ mental well-being and reducing hospitalization rates. The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review with analysis of results from large clinical programs (OPTIMISTIC, WHELD), as well as a descriptive analysis of a case study reflecting the practical implementation of the authors’ model across diverse contexts — from nursing homes in the United States to centers for elderly refugees in humanitarian crisis settings. The data obtained indicate that the integration of psychotherapy, personalized dementia care, proactive care pathway planning, and the Treat-in-Place model reduces the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms (by 30–40% in pilot samples) while simultaneously decreasing the proportion of preventable hospitalizations by 19–25%. In conclusion, the proposed model is a scientifically validated and practically tested solution capable of transforming the long-term care system, improving the quality of life of older adults, and rationalizing healthcare expenditures. The material is intended for leaders of long-term care institutions, clinical psychologists, geriatricians, and healthcare organization specialists.