Volume 6.
Issue 08.

This study aims to explore the imaging features of isolated left ventricular non-compaction (ILVNC) using cardiac computed tomography (CT), providing detailed insights into its diagnostic characteristics and implications for clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with ILVNC who underwent cardiac CT imaging. Key parameters evaluated included myocardial trabeculation, non-compacted to compacted myocardium ratio (NC/C ratio), and other relevant anatomical and functional cardiac features. Data were analyzed to identify common patterns and diagnostic markers. The study included [number] patients with confirmed ILVNC. Cardiac CT revealed distinct imaging features characteristic of ILVNC, such as prominent myocardial trabeculations predominantly in the left ventricle, with a mean NC/C ratio of [value]. Additionally, associated findings such as ventricular dilatation, reduced ejection fraction, and thrombus formation were noted in a subset of patients. The diagnostic accuracy of cardiac CT in identifying ILVNC was highlighted, with a sensitivity of [value]% and specificity of [value]%. Cardiac CT is a valuable imaging modality for the diagnosis of ILVNC, offering precise visualization of myocardial trabeculations and accurate assessment of the NC/C ratio. These imaging features are crucial for the early detection and management of ILVNC, potentially improving patient outcomes through timely intervention.

One of the risk factors for underdevelopment of the central nervous system in children is prematurity, which is a baby born at less than 37 full weeks of gestation. Extremely important for determining the nature of prematurity, it is in premature birth to divide premature babies by body weight. However, the modern approach to the problem, dividing children only by gestational age or only by birth weight may be insufficient.

Inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) are the most common among the upper respiratory tract pathologies and account for 87% of all visits to an otolaryngologist. In recent years, there has been an increase in this group of diseases, despite new methods of diagnosis and treatment. In the Russian Federation, about 10 million people suffer from acute rhinosinusitis (RS) annually. Among RS, frontal sinusitis occupies a significant place, which can manifest itself in edematous infiltrative or exudative forms and be aggravated by orbital and intracranial complications. The increase in the number of inflammatory diseases of the PNS is associated with urbanization, an increase in the number of acute respiratory viral infections, inhaled allergens, a decrease in the resistance of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, an increase in the resistance of microflora to antibiotics, and irrational antibiotic therapy. Clinical signs of frontal sinusitis cannot always help in making a diagnosis. The leading clinical sign – local pain symptom in the superciliary region – may be absent in a significant proportion of patients. The disappearance of local pain does not always indicate recovery of patients. Previously (before 2001) it was described that local headache both in acute frontal sinusitis and in exacerbations of the chronic process is an absolute indicator in the diagnosis of the disease. In recent years, this thesis has been significantly questioned, diagnostic positions have been revised. In 28–30% of patients, the leading clinical sign – local headache – was absent or was expressed very weakly.

The study aims to explore and evaluate various testing protocols for the characterization of organic compounds, focusing on their efficiency, accuracy, and applicability in different research and industrial contexts. A comprehensive review of current testing methodologies for organic compounds was conducted, including spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques. The study involved the selection of representative organic compounds from diverse chemical classes, followed by the application of standardized testing protocols. Parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and time-efficiency were assessed for each method. The analysis revealed that spectroscopic techniques, particularly Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, provided high sensitivity and specificity for structural characterization. Chromatographic methods, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), demonstrated excellent reproducibility and quantification capabilities. Electrochemical methods were found to be particularly useful for analyzing redox-active compounds, offering rapid and cost-effective results. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of various testing protocols for organic compounds. Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques emerged as the most reliable and versatile methods for comprehensive characterization, while electrochemical methods serve as valuable complementary tools. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate testing methodologies based on the specific properties of the organic compounds under investigation and the intended application.

Background. Headache is one of the most common symptoms occurring in various diseases for which one should seek medical attention from a neurologist. Bo is the most common form of pain in the world. According to the Washington State Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, there were 1.89 billion cases of tension-type headache worldwide in 2016. According to the International Classification of Headache Revision 3 (ISGB-3, 2018), primary pain, in which no organic cause is identified, and secondary pain are due to organic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) or somatic diseases. Craniocerebral tension (CCN) includes a group of other primary cephalgias associated with migraines, autonomic trigeminal cephalgias, and various conditions.

Myasthenia gravis is the most common neuromuscular junction disorder associated with autoimmune diseases, although around 10-15% of patients have no detectable antibodies, and 85% of patients have antibodies. Bulbar symptoms are not commonly present in the early stages, although they often occur as the disease advances. We report 2 unique cases of myasthenia gravis manifesting as isolated bulbar palsy. The first case involves a 56-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes mellitus presenting with the early onset of bulbar palsy in the course of myasthenia gravis. The second case features a patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, presenting symptoms of speech and swallowing difficulties alongside joint pain, without the usual muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis. Prompt assessment is emphasized in this case study, even when faced with challenges in diagnosing MG due to the lack of general weakness with ocular symptoms, which ultimately increases the patient's chances of survival.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains a global medical problem, as evidenced by its significant share (about 10%) in the structure of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, high prevalence (1.5 - 10.9%), significant impact on the quality of life of patients and frequent detection of treatment-resistant forms of the disease. Despite significant advances in pharmacotherapy of CRS, the results of conservative methods of treating the disease do not always bring satisfactory results. In this regard, a significant role in the treatment of CRS is given to surgical intervention, which in some cases is the main method of treatment, while conservative methods are given the role of maintaining the achieved result.