Social Sciences | Open Access | DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume08Issue07-04

Digital Citizenship Skills and Sustainable Civic Behavior Among Social Studies Students in Ethiopia

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between digital citizenship skills and sustainable civic behaviour among Social Studies students in Ethiopia. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between digital communication skills, digital etiquette, digital security awareness, and sustainable civic behaviour among Social Studies students. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a descriptive correlational survey research design. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A sample of 400 Social Studies students was selected using a multistage sampling procedure involving purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Digital Citizenship Skills and Sustainable Civic Behaviour Questionnaire (DCSSCBQ). The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Technology, Social Studies Education, and Measurement and Evaluation, while its reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha statistics. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital communication skills had a significant positive relationship with sustainable civic behaviour (r = 0.682, p < 0.05). The study also found a significant positive relationship between digital etiquette and sustainable civic behaviour (r = 0.731, p < 0.05). Furthermore, digital security awareness showed a significant positive relationship with sustainable civic behaviour (r = 0.645, p < 0.05). The study concluded that digital citizenship skills significantly contribute to sustainable civic behaviour among Social Studies students in Ethiopia. It was recommended that educational institutions integrate digital citizenship education into Social Studies programmes to promote responsible digital participation and sustainable civic engagement among students.

Keywords

References

Abrahams, S., Brown, M., & Peters, J. (2023). Digital citizenship and civic participation in democratic societies. Journal of Digital Society Studies, 15(2), 45–61.

Akter, S. (2025). Digital citizenship and online behaviour education: Teaching students safety, ethics, and responsibility online (Master’s project, Touro University of New York).

Al-Otaibi, N. (2025). Cultural intelligence and its relationship to digital citizenship skills among university students. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, Article 1816. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-06096-w

Andreotti, V. (2006). Soft versus critical global citizenship education. Policy and Practice: A Development Education Review, 3, 40–51.

Apata, S. B., Adeate, T., & Shogbesan, Y. O. (2025). Developing competencies for digital citizenship in Nigerian classrooms: A 4IR perspective. Discover Global Society, 3, 165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-025-00322-1

Ayane, D., & Mihiretie, M. (2024). Citizenship education and learner agency in Ethiopian schools. Ethiopian Journal of Educational Research, 18(2), 55–71.

Bada, M., Sasse, A. M., & Nurse, J. R. C. (2019). Cyber security awareness campaigns: Why do they fail to change behaviour? arXiv Preprint arXiv:1901.02672.

Belay, T., Gebremedhin, H., & Desta, A. (2025). Citizenship education reform and pedagogical challenges in Ethiopia. African Journal of Education and Democracy, 9(1), 23–39.

Bennett, W. L., Wells, C., & Rank, A. (2010). Young citizens and civic learning: Two paradigms of citizenship in the digital age. Citizenship Studies, 13(2), 105–120.

Biesta, G. (2010). Good education in an age of measurement: Ethics, politics, democracy. Paradigm Publishers.

Bosch, T. (2017). Twitter activism and youth participation in Africa. Information, Communication & Society, 20(2), 221–232.

Christensen, H. S., Strömbäck, J., & Aalberg, T. (2021). Social media, civic engagement, and digital citizenship among young people. New Media & Society, 23(8), 2195–2213.

Citizenship education as moral discipline and bounded civic agency: Evidence from Ethiopia’s new Grade 9–10 textbooks. (2025). SSRN Preprint. https://ssrn.com/abstract=6484867

Consoli, T. (2024). Different media education approaches predict distinct aspects of digital citizenship. Frontline Learning Research, 12(4), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v12i4.1555

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Cunningham, C. (2016). Digital communication and youth civic participation. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 8(3), 34–47.

Egobueze, A., & Nwaoburu, L. (2025). Digital skills for political engagement in a democratic society. International Journal of Innovative Information Systems & Technology Research, 13(1), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14870480

Elrayah, M., & Jamil, S. (2023). Impact of digital literacy and online privacy concerns on cybersecurity behaviour: The moderating role of cybersecurity awareness. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 17(2), 166–184.

Ghebru, K., & Lloyd, M. (2020). Citizenship education and curriculum orientations in Ethiopia. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 52(6), 801–820.

Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2017). Global citizenship education redefined. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 170–183.

Guerrero Elecalde, R., Contreras García, J., Bonilla Martos, A. L., & Serrano Arnáez, B. (2024). Digital and social-civic skills in future primary education teachers: A study from the didactics of social sciences for the improvement of teacher training in competences. Education Sciences, 14(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020211

Hess, D. (2009). Controversy in the classroom: The democratic power of discussion. Routledge.

Japar, M., Suryadi, A., & Nurhayati, E. (2024). Digital citizenship education and civic engagement among students. Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 27(1), 122–136.

Jones, L. M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2016). Defining and measuring youth digital citizenship. New Media & Society, 18(9), 2063–2079.

Kammer, J., Atiso, K., & Borteye, E. M. (2021). Student experiences with digital citizenship: A comparative cultural study. Libri, 71(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2020-0174

Kim, Y., & Yang, H. (2016). Internet literacy and civic engagement among youth. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(6), 816–833.

Kowalczyk, M. (2024). Voices of the youth in the margins: Digital citizenship participation of Generation Z representatives in the African region – Comparative study. Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie, 44(4), 56–71.

Learning.com. (2025). Digital citizenship and online safety education. https://www.learning.com

Liu, X. (2026). Digital etiquette and responsible online communication among university students. International Journal of Digital Education, 11(1), 14–28.

Lozano-Díaz, A., & Fernández-Prados, J. S. (2020). Educating digital citizens: An opportunity to critical and activist perspective of sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 12(7260), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187260

McCombes, S. (2023). Correlational research: When and how to use it. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com

Ministry of Education (MoE). (2020). Ethiopian general education curriculum framework. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Ministry of Education (MoE). (2021). Education Sector Development Programme VI (ESDP VI). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Ministry of Education (MoE). (2023a). Grade 9 citizenship education textbook. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Ministry of Education (MoE). (2023b). Grade 10 citizenship education textbook. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Ministry of Education (MoE). (2023c). Ethiopia Education Transformation Programme (EETP). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Otieno, O. C. (2025). The role of digital media in promoting youth civic engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fastlane Journal, 1(1), 1–9.

Peart, M., Cubo-Delgado, S., & Gutiérrez-Esteban, P. (2022). Exploring the role of digital and socio-civic skills for promoting youth participation and digital citizenship. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 697–709. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.697

Peart, M., Higgins, S., Gutiérrez-Esteban, P., & Cubo-Delgado, S. (2023). Digital and socio-civic skills development and young people’s perceptions of digital citizenship in the UK. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17461979231170232

Peart, M. T., Gutiérrez-Esteban, P., & Cubo-Delgado, S. (2020). Development of the digital and socio-civic skills (DIGISOC) questionnaire. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 3327–3351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09824-y

Prabhakar, A. (2022). Digital citizenship for 21st century children. Bhavaveena, 19(6), 64–71.

Putri, A. K., Rahmawati, D. E., & Zainudin, A. (2025). Digital citizenship in the 21st century: Strengthening digital ethics. CosmoGov: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 11(1), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v11i1.60821

Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools (3rd ed.). International Society for Technology in Education.

Rumiati, S., Karim, A. A., Darmawan, C., & Fitriasari, S. (2024). Digital citizenship development model in citizenship education learning. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 8(1), 282–291. https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v8i1.10968

Salifu, I., Arthur, F., Opoku, E., Quayson, E., Boateng, E., Attom, E. R., Asare-Bediako, S., & Nortey, S. A. (2025). Gender disparities in digital citizenship: Insights from economics students in higher education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102233

Saputra, H., Nugroho, A., & Widodo, S. (2025). Digital citizenship education and responsible online behaviour among students. Journal of Educational Development, 13(2), 88–102.

Sarbaini, S. (2026). Integrating digital citizenship into civic education: Enhancing responsible online behaviour in the 21st century. Journal of Civic and Social Education, 14(1), 1–15.

Soler-Costa, R., Lafarga-Ostáriz, P., Mauri-Medrano, M., & Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J. (2021). Netiquette: Ethic, education, and behavior on Internet—A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031212

Syzdykbayeva, A. D., Abdigapbarova, U. M., Knissarina, M. M., Seidualiyeva, A. N., & Mirza, N. V. (2025). Network communication culture, digital etiquette, online community of university teachers and students: Bibliometric mapping of the literature. The Education and Science Journal, 27(4), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2025-9173

Takavarasha, S. (2019). Cybersecurity awareness and responsible digital behaviour among students. African Journal of Information Systems, 11(4), 215–229.

Tawil, S. (2013). Education for global citizenship: A framework for discussion. UNESCO Education Research and Foresight.

Webster, M. (2025). Digital citizenship competencies and civic engagement in higher education. Journal of Digital Learning and Civic Studies, 9(2), 55–73.

Wulandari, E., Winarno, & Triyanto. (2021). Digital citizenship education: Shaping digital ethics in Society 5.0. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(5), 948–956. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2021.090507

Xu, S., Yang, H. H., MacLeod, J., & Zhu, S. (2018). Interpersonal communication competence and digital citizenship among pre-service teachers in China’s teacher preparation programs. Journal of Moral Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2018.1458605

Zheng, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Wu, X., Ding, R., Luo, X., Liu, P., & Huang, J. (2024). Effects of digital game-based learning on students’ digital etiquette literacy, learning motivations, and engagement. Heliyon, 10, e23490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23490

Download and View Statistics

Views: 0   |   Downloads: 0

Copyright License

Download Citations

How to Cite

Wanjiko Grace, Uto Archibong, & Nnyanga U. Akpan. (2026). Digital Citizenship Skills and Sustainable Civic Behavior Among Social Studies Students in Ethiopia. The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations, 8(07), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume08Issue07-04