Mangrove ecosystems are globally recognized for their vital ecological services, including coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity support. However, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by deforestation and environmental pollution, drivers that synergistically diminish above-ground biomass (AGB) and impair ecosystem functionality. This study addresses a critical research gap in the West African context by evaluating how deforestation and pollution jointly affect the structural and functional integrity of mangroves in Eagle Island, River state in the Niger Delta. The primary objectives were to elucidate spatial degradation patterns, quantify biomass loss, and propose actionable frameworks for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management under intensifying anthropogenic pressure. Grounded in Ecosystem Stress Theory and Resource Limitation Theory, the study employed a stratified field research design across three ecological disturbance zones. Data collection combined biometric measurements of dominant mangrove species (Rhizophora racemosa, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa) with physicochemical analysis of sediment quality (e.g., cadmium, lead, zinc, THC). Standardized allometric equations were used to estimate AGB, and inferential statistics, including one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were applied to identify significant differences in biomass and soil pollutants across disturbance gradients. Data were log-transformed for normality and analyzed using R statistical software. Results revealed a significant reduction in AGB (exceeding 50%) in high-disturbance zones, correlating strongly with elevated cadmium and hydrocarbon levels. Sediment in deforested plots showed 18-fold increases in cadmium and a 3-fold increase in THC relative to forested areas, indicating severe substrate degradation. Species-specific pollutant data showed that Rhizophora racemosa accumulated the highest metal and hydrocarbon concentrations, suggesting potential use as a bioindicator species. Soil quality, biogeochemical resilience, and primary productivity were consistently compromised under combined deforestation and pollution, affirming both theoretical models. The research finds that pollution and deforestation create interactive, compounding stresses that significantly harm ecosystems. These results emphasize the need for combined management techniques and offer empirical confirmation of ecological threshold models. Recommendations include enhanced pollutant regulation, species-informed reforestation, and sediment remediation protocols to restore mangrove function and resilience in the Niger Delta and similar ecologically vulnerable regions.

This article analyzes the peculiarities of social conflicts and their resolution mechanisms in contemporary Uzbekistan, focusing on the socio-political and legal reforms aimed at maintaining stability, tolerance, and interethnic harmony. The study examines the state’s comprehensive strategies, particularly the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan (2022–2026) and Uzbekistan–2030, which are designed to strengthen civil society, ensure the rule of law, and enhance human rights protection. Special attention is paid to the preventive measures taken to reduce social tension, protect the rights of citizens deprived of liberty, and improve social adaptation and reintegration programs.

The research highlights the role of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s initiatives in promoting the principle of “serving the people” as a cornerstone of governance reform. The article also explores the sociocultural dimensions of peacebuilding through national self-awareness, moral education, and the harmonization of diverse social and ethnic interests. The formation of the national idea, rooted in historical experience, humanistic values, and the traditions of religious tolerance, is identified as a key factor in preventing conflicts and strengthening social cooperation.

The results of the study show that sustainable development, democratic transformation, and spiritual renewal are closely interrelated with the creation of a socially cohesive environment where the interests of all groups are reconciled through dialogue and mutual respect. The article concludes that the consistent implementation of the Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy will serve as a foundation for overcoming social contradictions, ensuring civil unity, and enhancing the country’s global standing as a peaceful, tolerant, and progressive state.

The article analyzes the impact of radical Islamic organizations on national security and stability in Egypt in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It also reveals the impact of religious extremism and terrorism on socio-political processes and their historical roots. In particular, the formation of the Muslim Brotherhood, its involvement in political life, the armed actions of organizations such as Islamic Jihad and Al-Jamaa al-Islamiya, which were active in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, and the threats to the security of the state and society are shown. The complex situation in the country's fight against terrorism is described through the activities of the Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis and Ajnad Misr groups that emerged after the Arab Spring.

Workplace accidents remain a significant concern in high-risk industries, such as oil servicing, where employees face substantial safety risks due to complex operations and hazardous environments. This study examined the prevalence of workplace accidents, their causes, and how they occur in specific oil servicing firms in Nigeria. The issue is that safety management remains inadequate, despite existing regulations. This results in numerous accidents and health hazards at work. The study aims to identify the types of incidents and their frequency, investigate underlying causes, and suggest methods to enhance workplace safety. Grounded in Heinrich’s Domino Theory of accident causation, the research adopts a descriptive survey design to explore accident trends and contributing behaviours. Data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed to 120 respondents across four oil servicing companies. Purposive sampling ensured that participants were operational staff directly exposed to safety-critical environments. Quantitative data were analysed using chi-square tests, percentages, and frequency distribution tables to examine the relationships between safety measures and the prevalence of accidents. The findings reveal that the most common types of accidents include slips, falls, injuries from equipment, and exposure to hazardous substances. Contributing factors encompass improper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate safety training, and poor enforcement of safety regulations. There was a strong correlation between the effectiveness of safety measures and the number of accidents. The article concludes that regular training, strict enforcement of safety protocols, and investment in new safety equipment are all crucial. The study recommends strengthening regulatory oversight and cultivating a proactive safety culture to mitigate risks in the oil servicing sector.

This article examines the modern technology of organizing psychoprophylactic work with young officers and their family members as a critical element of psychological well-being and professional stability. The study highlights the growing importance of preventive psychological support in the context of increasing professional stress, adaptation difficulties, and emotional challenges faced by young officers in the early stages of their service. A set of scientific and practical approaches, including diagnostic assessments, individual and family counseling, emotional intelligence development, and group therapy sessions, are analyzed to determine their effectiveness. The proposed model of psychoprophylactic organization focuses on early identification of psychological risks, improvement of communication skills, and enhancement of family cohesion. The results demonstrate that systematic psychoprophylactic measures can significantly improve emotional balance, stress resistance, and interpersonal relationships. The article contributes to the development of a comprehensive methodology for psychological prevention within military structures and emphasizes the need for integrating these technologies into professional education and daily life routines of officers and their families.

The number of Bactrian documents created in the language of the people of the region that included the upper reaches of the Amu Darya, which was called Bactria in ancient times, and Tokhoristan in later times, has exceeded one hundred today. It is known that the ancient Bactrians, belonging to the Eastern Iranian language group, developed their own writing system based on the Greek script in the 3rd century BC. When the Kushan Empire (2nd - 3rd centuries BC) chose Bactria as its base territory, official business began to be conducted in the language of the local population. This tradition continued from the beginning of the 10th century AD, and the chronology of Bactrian sources covers a period of almost a thousand years.

Corruption remains a significant obstacle to effective governance and development in Nigeria, often depicted as a highly corrupt country in international assessments such as the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI has notably influenced global discussions; however, its reliance on elite perceptions raises questions about its accuracy, fairness, and capacity to reflect the full scope of domestic reforms. This analysis examines the disparity between Nigeria's reform agenda, which encompasses measures such as fiscal transparency initiatives, asset recovery mechanisms, and judicial reforms, and the prevailing global perception of widespread corruption. The study is guided by Transnational Accountability and Legitimacy Theory, positioning global accountability indices within broader debates about legitimacy and governance. A qualitative research approach was employed, using secondary data from policy reports, legislative frameworks, and academic studies. Critical discourse analysis was employed to evaluate the inclusivity of the processes underlying the CPI and their relevance to policy. The findings indicate that while the CPI has successfully raised global awareness of corruption, its methodology continues to perpetuate biases that overlook progress made in developing countries. Nigeria's recent efforts, such as new legislation on asset recovery and increased transparency in the extractive sector, demonstrate notable advancements that are often overlooked. Meanwhile, developed economies that benefit from illicit financial flows often maintain favorable rankings, revealing inconsistencies in global assessments. The results suggest that although the CPI serves as a useful reference, its methodological limitations need to be addressed. Combining perception- based indices with objective financial data can establish a fairer and more comprehensive framework for evaluating corruption. Such reforms are crucial for improving accountability, aligning international measures with local realities, and fostering more equitable global governance.