Assessing the Environmental Cost of Gas Flaring in The Niger Delta And the Strategies for Mitigation
Abstract
Gas flaring is a significant environmental issue in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, causing atmospheric pollution, ecosystem degradation, and socio-economic distress. Flaring continues to occur despite established policy frameworks, posing risks to climate objectives and sustainable development. This study evaluates the environmental costs of gas flaring, analyses its ecological, health, and socio-economic impacts, and assesses the effectiveness of mitigation strategies in the Niger Delta. The research is based on Environmental Cost Theory and employs a descriptive-analytical design, utilising secondary data from credible sources, including the World Bank, UNEP, Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), and Our World in Data (Global Carbon Project, 2025). Comparative content and thematic analyses were utilised to interpret patterns in gas flaring volume, environmental degradation, and regulatory outcomes. Research indicates that gas flaring accounts for approximately 13% of Nigeria's overall greenhouse gas emissions, leading to soil acidification, hydrocarbon contamination, and biodiversity loss. Agricultural yields have decreased by up to 35%, and local communities are facing increased health risks and economic hardship. The study concludes that effective mitigation of gas flaring necessitates enhanced regulatory enforcement, the implementation of gas utilisation technologies, the internalisation of environmental costs, and governance that prioritises community involvement to achieve a net-zero emission future.
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References
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