Food security is foundational to sustainable development, critically influencing economic stability, public health, and environmental preservation. Rivers State, located in Nigeria's Niger Delta, is rich in natural resources yet grapples with persistent food security challenges exacerbated by industrial activities, environmental degradation, and socio-economic disparities. The study examines industrial pollution’s effect on agriculture, evaluating environmental and economic challenges to aquaculture, and exploring public health impacts to propose actionable strategies. This research is grounded in Political Ecology Theory and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, providing a comprehensive lens to understand how the aforementioned factors influence environmental and food security outcomes. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing an extensive literature review and stakeholder interviews across strategic Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data was gathered from community members, policymakers, and environmental experts, with thematic analysis used to identify patterns and derive meaningful insights. Findings revealed that traditional farming methods and limited financial resources limit agricultural productivity in Rivers State, oil spills and gas flaring have severely impacted arable land and waterways, poverty and limited market access worsen food insecurity, youth disengagement from agriculture remains a concern, and rapid urbanisation and population growth have strained resources. Thus the study recommends modernizing agriculture through financial and educational support, enforcing environmental regulations, promoting climate adaptation strategies, and engaging youth in agriculture. Additionally, sustainable urban planning and community-based initiatives are critical for long-term resilience.

Food Security, Sustainable Development, Environmental Degradation

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