Volume 4.
Issue 04.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common human disease. Further increase of morbidity rate is predicted in the nearest years. Early diagnosis of COPD is of topical importance, and computed tomography (CT) is generally accepted as the "gold" standard for its diagnosis. Therefore, this publication presents a literature review on CT diagnostics of COPD.

In most cases, the cause of dementia in the elderly is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the study is to study patients at an early stage of Alzheimer's type dementia at the outpatient level using the methods of the general cognitive decline - Reisberg scale, the short mental status assessment scale - MMSE test, the dementia stages scale – CDR. It is expected that about 30 patients with clinical and neurological diseases will be examined in the outpatient department. People with AD may experience various problems, ranging from remembering many recent events to the names of people they know. The problem of early diagnosis of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease has extreme medical and social significance due to the significant frequency and high percentage of their development.

Pediatrics studies the period of growth and development of the child, that at each age stage of his life, the child is characterized by special morphological, physiological and psychological qualities. The organization of the activities of a pediatric institution improves the condition of sick children. First aid is provided.

Traumatic brain injury is a sudden damage to the bones of the skull and brain by various mechanical agents. Diffuse axonal injury is a type of traumatic brain injury resulting from a closed brain injury. Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

In recent years, the world has seen a significant increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis. Despite the progress made in venereology, the problem of syphilis is an urgent problem of our time, and this especially concerns serological resistance in syphilis. Among practitioners and scientists involved in the treatment of syphilis, it is widely believed that there is an increase in the number of cases of seroresistance among patients treated for syphilis.

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in the intestinal microflora of patients with COVID-19 in foreign countries and the role of microorganisms in the development of dysbacteriosis. Patients with Covid-19 usually complain of fever, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath, headache, and fatigue, but at the same time, some patients with Covid-19 experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, complaints from the gastrointestinal trac. The literature review analyzed the etiological causes of intestinal dysbacteriosis in COVID-19. It has been established that in the intestinal microflora of patients with COVID-19, there is an increase in the number of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in the number of beneficial microorganisms.

Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of death in the population. Enormous advances in prevention, diagnosis and treatment have comparatively reduced the incidence of the disease. Cardiovascular diseases remain the most important cause of early disability, occupational disability and premature death.

Primary prevention, based on healthy lifestyle habits that prevent the emergence of risk factors, is the preferred method of reducing cardiovascular risk. Reducing the prevalence of obesity is the most urgent task, and it is pleiotropic in that it affects blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammation, progression of atherothrombotic disease. Physical activity also improves several risk factors, with the added potential to lower heart rate.

The disease of the musculoskeletal system in children of the first months of life is quite a lot, deformities of the lower extremities are most common. The reason for the observed deformities of the lower extremities is the delay in the development of the bone skeleton during fetal life, due to heredity, infectious diseases of the mother during pregnancy, endocrine pathologies, toxicosis (especially the first half of pregnancy). Many authors, studying the endocrine status of patients with deformities of the lower extremities, came to the conclusion that this pathology is hormonal and mainly develops in the late period of the child's intrauterine life [1, 2, 4, 5 ].