Volume 4.
Issue 01.

Currently the leading damage organs of the urinary system occupy closed kidney injuries and their number with each increases over the year. However, the problem of providing first aid to victims with closed kidney injuries, as well as their further treatments are among the most urgent in modern urology and cause wide discussion. Analysis have undergone closed kidney damage,allows us to conclude that the indications for operational organ-preserving treatment of victims should be expanded to reduce the number of complications in late post-traumatic period.

The aim of this study was to assess the results of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in adolescents with autonomic dystonia syndrome. We examined 243 adolescents 12-18 years old with clinically and laboratory-instrumental confirmed dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system - autonomic dystonia syndrome. It was revealed that in adolescents with autonomic dystonia syndrome, as a result of ABPM, significant deviations from the standards recommended at the moment for assessing the results of ABPM in children were found. The identified deviations may indicate an increase in vascular tone in these children, as well as the presence of disorders associated with the development of cardiovascular complications in adulthood.

Thyroid hormones play an important role during pregnancy, providing organogenesis, growth and development of the fetus, teach in the formation and development of the brain and its structure, influencing cognitive abilities. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as a negative effect on the fetus. Iodine deficiency, which persists throughout Uzbekistan, creates prerequisites for more frequent development of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia of pregnant women. Therefore, early detection of thyroid dysfunction during gestation in regions of iodine deficiency is relevant. Chronic iodine deficiency leads to a wide range of pathology, united by the term "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). In addition to diseases of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), IDZ involve pathological conditions suspended by a relative deficiency of thyroid hormones: violation of reproductive function, miscarriage of pregnancy, emerging anomalies and stillbirths, replacement of growth and development of the child, as well as cognitive disorders. Therefore, iodine deficiency is most dangerous at the stage of intrauterine development of the child and in early childhood due to the great importance of thyroid hormones in the formation of the structure of the brain and the development of intelligence. Reminders of mild iodine deficiency in the regions leads to a decrease in mental abilities, mental health disorders and a weakening of the physical development of the child.

The results of our studies made it possible to determine the main pathogenetic factors in the development of otomycosis in the examined patients, which is especially important; since fungi - causative agents of otomycosis are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and show their pathogenic properties only under certain conditions. We found that an important factor for the development of otomycosis is the presence of general somatic diseases, which, according to the present study, were present in the majority (70.1%) of patients, which indicates a decrease in the body's resistance to opportunistic flora against the background of chronic diseases, various metabolic disorders. 25.7% of patients had diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which dysbiosis develops with a decrease in the proportion of obligate microflora, a decrease in natural resistance to fungal flora. Diseases of the cardiovascular system of varying severity, including myocardial infarction, were found in 23.45% of patients. The fact that in 32 patients otomycosis developed against the background of diabetes mellitus testifies in favor of the pathogenetic significance of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the development of mycosis. A small number of observations and the results obtained did not allow us to state with certainty that there is a direct relationship between the incidence of otomycosis and antibiotic therapy. Analysis of our clinical material showed that prior to the diagnosis of otomycosis, systemic antibiotic therapy according to the anamnesis was carried out in 20 patients, local - in 9 patients (a total of 29 patients - 7.1% of the number of patients with otomycosis).

We found that traumatic factors in the form of a systematic toilet of the ear canal with a cotton swab, removal of sulfuric plug, use of endoural headphones play an important role in the development of fungal ear infections. Against the background of trauma, otomycosis developed in 56.5% of patients.

Treatment of polyposis rhinosinusitis is currently an urgent problem of modern otorhinolaryngology. A significant increase in the prevalence of the disease with polypous rhinosinusitis (from 5 to 20%) and a high frequency of relapses are due to insufficiently studied pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of the polypous process and the lack of effective methods of treatment. The combination of this disease with bronchial asthma, the asthmatic triad and the addition of a purulent process significantly complicate the course and treatment of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis. In accordance with the multifactorial theory, the development of polyposis rhinosinusitis occurs as a result of mechanical, physical factors, as well as the penetration of microbial, fungal and viral agents on the surface of the nasal mucosa. This leads to the activation of the mechanisms of local immunity, which is a whole complex of specific and non-specific reactions that provide the barrier function of the mucous membrane. Long-term exposure to various agents leads to a decrease in the activity of the protective barrier of the nasal mucosa and stimulates the development of an infection-dependent allergic process. The latter is accompanied by a violation of immune homeostasis in the form of secondary immunodeficiency, the formation of persistent immune eosinophilic inflammation, leading to remodeling of the nasal mucosa and the development of polypous rhinosinusitis.

In the article of genetic studies of patients with post-covid maxillofacial complications. The condition after COVID-19 is considered a life-threatening disease, ranging from mild symptoms to serious complications. Candidiasis is the most common type of superficial purulent infection. The Candida species is a frequent inhabitant of the oral mucosa, but its growth is inhibited by other organisms in the body, which prevents any pathological change in the mucous membrane of this fungus. Candida albicans is the most common yeast, followed by Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida stellatoidea. According to this systematic review, 57 cases of oral candidiasis and one case of retinitis candidiasis were reported in patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression and serologic examination of samples indicates that ACE2 may be the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that ACE2-expressing cells are likely to be the main target cell type that vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a rule, there is a high expression of ACE2 r on the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, enrichment is enriched in epithelial cells of the tongue. There were few reports prior to this study.

The medical and social significance of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the world is due to early disability and high mortality in patients due to the development of complications, including those from the cardiovascular system. The increase in the life expectancy of patients with diabetes has highlighted the problem of late complications of the disease, the number of which increases with the progression of the disease. The leading cause of death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular accidents. At the same time, it was found that patients with diabetes under the age of 30 years quite often develop coronary heart disease. In addition, the progression of diabetes leads to the development of cardiomyopathy (myocardial dystrophy), myocardiosclerosis, heart failure, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.

Cochleovestibular disorders (CVD) are of great medical and social importance due to their significant prevalence and the presence of a large number of negative manifestations on the part of the hearing and balance organs, as well as other body systems. All authors agree that cochleovestibular disorders affect the most active and able-bodied population, and this determines its social significance. Considering that the statistics of hearing and balance disorders are kept separately, it is not always possible to characterize the real statistical picture, the epidemiology of CVN. Approximately 17% of the total population complains of cochleovestibular disorders, but more than half of the cases do not seek medical help. Long-term temporary incapacity for work, a high rate of disability in patients with CVN, make the problem even more urgent to develop, require the improvement of early diagnosis methods. During mass examinations, cochleovestibular disorders were noted in 9-12% of the population of the Russian Federation. Approximately 10% of patients who visit an ENT doctor present complaints typical of KVN, and this figure for a general practitioner is 5%, and for a neurologist about 10-20%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, over 460 million people in the world suffered from hearing loss and by 2050 this number could exceed 900 million). Dizziness is one of the three most common complaints presented by patients to a general practitioner, and among emergency consultations it occurs in 2.4-2.6% of patients.

The publication discusses the indicators of the study of vegetative tone, vegetative reactivity and vegetative security of activity in elderly people with vegetative dystonia syndrome. 180 patients with CCI of the second stage were studied, the average age was 67.4±6.1 years. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 118 patients (62.2% of the total number of patients) with stage 2 chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) with ADS, group 2 consisted of 62 patients (34.4%) with stage 2 CCI without ADS.

Inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs accounts for 87% of all visits to the otorhinolaryngologist, in the last decade the incidence of paranasal sinusitis (PNS) has increased, and the proportion of hospitalized patients with this pathology has increased almost 3 times every year. The problem of timely diagnosis and treatment of PNS is currently quite relevant, despite the emergence of new modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment. According to various authors, PNS currently ranks first among inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The paranasal sinuses (SNS) are a single morphological and functional system with similar etiological factors and mechanisms for the development of diseases, therefore, when studying the epidemiology of the PNS, it is necessary to assess the prevalence of diseases not only of each sinus separately, but also of their combined lesions.