Document forgery represents one of the most pervasive and multifaceted crimes across jurisdictions, affecting areas such as contract law, property rights, financial transactions, and public trust in government-issued records. This study analyzes the objective (actus reus) and subjective (mens rea) elements of document forgery, selling of forged documents, and using forged documents, drawing on an extensive body of international legal scholarship, case law, and statutory frameworks. We discuss the conceptual foundations of forgery, the delineation between material and intellectual falsification, the significance of intent to deceive, and the punishments enforced. The article also explores emerging forms of forgery in electronic domains (e.g., digital signatures, manipulated images, and cyber-facilitated document falsification) and explains the forensic methodologies used to detect and prosecute these offenses. Ultimately, we highlight that while the objective elements require a demonstrable alteration or creation of a false document with legal significance, the subjective elements demand specific intent or knowledge of falsity aimed at deceiving a targeted party. The implications for legislative policy, prosecutorial practice, and emerging technologies in crime detection are discussed at length, drawing upon dozens of referenced scholarly works and statutory provisions.

The use of reward systems in prisons has been widely adopted as a mechanism for managing inmate behavior and promoting rehabilitation. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of reward systems on inmate behavior, prison management, and rehabilitation outcomes. A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted, and studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for quality and relevance. Results indicate that reward systems can have positive effects on promoting desirable behaviors, such as compliance with rules, participation in rehabilitative programs, and reduced recidivism. However, the effectiveness of reward systems is influenced by factors such as the type of reward, consistency of implementation, and the relationship between rewards and long-term behavior change. The review concludes that while reward systems can be a useful tool in prison management, their success depends on proper implementation and alignment with broader rehabilitation goals.

In the contemporary global context, the struggle against criminal activity has attained a degree of international significance that demands urgent attention. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensive reduction of the role and participation of women in criminal activity. The global community, cognizant of the magnitude of female criminality as a universal threat, endeavors to consolidate global efforts in formulating contemporary international standards and overarching directives for the reform of criminal and penitentiary legislation. A notable development in this regard was the adoption of the Bangkok Rules by the UN General Assembly in 2010, which stipulates guidelines for the treatment of female prisoners and non-custodial penalties for female offenders.   This development underscores the necessity for fundamental reforms in the operations of penitentiary institutions, as well as the provision of theoretical and practical support for the development of effective measures and mechanisms to prevent female crime. This includes the study of the processes of adaptation of convicted women within the penitentiary system.

This article analyzes non-standard forms of employment and the reasons for their growing demand, the differences between non-standard labor forms and traditional labor relations, as well as their positive and negative aspects. Additionally, it explores the concepts of remote work, home-based work, and freelancing, the specific characteristics of organizing these forms of employment, and the similarities and differences among these three types of work arrangements.

The article analyzes the problems of maintaining the presumption of innocence in media reports and information about crimes. It is noted that the media currently does not maintain a growth trend in the dissemination of news and information about crimes. It is said that the journalistic investigation and the presumption of innocence contradict each other in content. It is concluded that for violating the requirements of the presumption of innocence, liability is provided for the investigator, prosecutor, or court, but the responsibility for a journalist is not clearly defined by law.

The article presents scientific and theoretical proposals and recommendations for the adoption of a legal basis for the practical implementation of reforms carried out in the new Uzbekistan and the mechanism for its implementation. It is important that the main subjects of public control become active participants in these reforms and feel that their opinion is in demand as a civic duty.

This article examines the evolving legal framework of cross-border transactions against the backdrop of shifting international regulations and diminishing traditional notions of state sovereignty. Drawing upon doctrinal analysis and a comparative perspective, it explores how emerging global governance structures, regional integration mechanisms, and soft-law instruments influence the design and implementation of transnational deals. Key areas of focus include the choice of corporate structures (holdings, SPVs, joint ventures), compliance with anti-corruption and tax regulations, and the strategic use of dispute resolution clauses, particularly in a context where national, supranational, and private regulatory regimes increasingly overlap. Empirical illustrations from Europe, North America, and Asia underscore the growing role of borderland cooperation and subnational initiatives in shaping cross-border transactions. The analysis highlights the need for practitioners to adapt contractual mechanisms in light of complex global norms and offers a multi-level approach to legal and regulatory compliance. Ultimately, the article argues that success in cross-border endeavors depends on integrating national law with transnational standards, leveraging innovative dispute resolution processes, and proactively engaging with local/regional stakeholders to foster legal certainty and minimize risk.

This article examines the role of non-governmental youth organizations in implementing state youth policy in Uzbekistan, the legal framework for their activities, the classification of non-governmental non-profit organizations participating in the implementation of state youth policy, and issues of improving their activities.

This article analyzes the concept of corruption in the control and implementation of construction, the factors causing corruption, the views of foreign scientists in this regard, the specifics and forms of corruption in the construction industry.

The article comprehensively analyzes the problems associated with conducting audit as an investigative action. The study examines the procedural order of conducting audits, timelines, and issues of documenting audit results. The article also analyzes the relationship between investigators and auditors during the audit process, the rights and obligations of auditors, and the procedural status of audit reports. The paper puts forward proposals regarding the procedure for extending audit deadlines, recognition of audit reports as evidence, grounds for bringing auditors to criminal liability, and improving audit methodology. The research thoroughly examines practical problems encountered during audits, including unjustified extension of audit periods, preparation of interim reports, and deficiencies in documenting audit results. As a result of the research, specific proposals have been developed to improve legislation regulating the audit procedure. The research results serve to improve the practice of investigating economic crimes.

The article analyzes the norms of legislative documents regulating prosecutor's supervision over the investigation of crimes related to the legalization of proceeds from criminal activities. Specifically, the United Nations Conventions, FATF recommendations, and other international legal norms are examined, with a comparative legal analysis against national legislative norms. Proposals are made regarding the implementation of international legal norms into national legislation.