Management and Economics
| Open Access | Blockchain-Enabled Risk Transformation Across Insurance, Supply Chains, and the Digital Economy: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Empirical Synthesis
Dr. Alejandro Martín Ruiz , Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Barcelona, SpainAbstract
The rapid convergence of blockchain technology with insurance systems, global supply chains, cybersecurity frameworks, and the broader digital economy has initiated a profound transformation in how risk is perceived, governed, distributed, and assumed. Traditionally, risk management across industries has relied on centralized authorities, probabilistic forecasting, post-event compensation mechanisms, and fragmented information architectures. However, as digital interdependencies deepen and systemic vulnerabilities proliferate, these conventional models increasingly reveal structural limitations. Drawing strictly on established academic literature, this research article develops a comprehensive, theory-driven exploration of blockchain-enabled risk transformation, positioning blockchain not merely as a technological tool but as an institutional innovation that reconfigures trust, coordination, transparency, and strategic leadership across economic systems.
The article synthesizes insights from insurance transformation research, supply chain transparency models, fuzzy decision-making methodologies, cybersecurity risk assessments, and digital economy governance studies to construct an integrated conceptual framework. Particular attention is given to the transition from risk prevention to risk assumption in insurance, the role of distributed ledgers in mitigating supply chain vulnerabilities, and the strategic implications of decentralized data governance in an era of digital fragmentation. Through descriptive and interpretive analysis, the study demonstrates how blockchain reshapes risk allocation mechanisms, enhances organizational resilience, and introduces new governance challenges related to cybersecurity, interoperability, and institutional readiness.
Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative, theory-intensive synthesis approach grounded in comparative analysis, consensus-based reasoning, and structured evaluation frameworks derived from prior studies. The findings reveal that blockchain’s most transformative impact lies not in efficiency gains alone, but in its capacity to realign incentives, redistribute accountability, and embed trust directly into socio-technical infrastructures. At the same time, the discussion critically addresses limitations, including technological immaturity, regulatory asymmetries, and emergent cyber risks inherent to decentralized systems. The article concludes by outlining future research directions and policy implications, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary governance models that balance innovation with systemic stability.
Keywords
Blockchain governance, risk transformation, supply chain resilience, insurance innovation
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Alejandro Martín Ruiz
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