Quantifying Cloud Cyber Risk Exposure: A Business Analytics Model for Multi-Cloud Security Posture Optimization

The emergence of the multi-cloud computing environments has rapidly increased the attack surfaces of organizations, and it has created dynamic and complex cyber risk exposures that cannot be effectively captured under the traditional qualitative security assessment framework. It is suggested that this study will provide new business analytics-based model to quantify exposure to cloud cyber risks and optimize the security posture of multi-clouds based on data-driven decision-making. The study incorporates heterogeneous cloud security telemetry, such as configuration states, identity and access management (IAM) indicators, vulnerability severity scores, and threat intelligence feeds as input into a quantitative risk assessment model. The model analyzes the exposure of risks in distributed cloud infrastructures, through the use of probabilistic modeling and weighted risk scoring methods, and produces comparative risk indexes of various cloud service providers. Empirical testing, using aggregated data on publicly available cloud security benchmarking and industry threat reports, shows that the suggested model provides a significant increase in risk visibility and accuracy of risk prioritization. The analysis of the simulation shows that the exposure to high-risk misconfigurations and vulnerability is significantly reduced when organizations embrace analytics-based optimization strategies, and the level of reduction of risks is more than 30 percent in conditions of limited resources allocation. Moreover, predictive analytics allows detecting new trends of threats early, promoting more effective spending on cybersecurity. The key contribution of the study is that it will fill the gap between cybersecurity risk assessment and business analytics by proposing a scalable, quantitative framework specific to multi-cloud settings. The results give practical information to an enterprise decision-maker and allow managing security posture optimization based on organizational risk tolerance and operational limits. The study contributes to theoretical and practical insights into the quantification of cloud cyber risk, providing a solid base in future progress of cloud security governance through adaptive and intelligence-based approaches.

Cloud Cyber Risk, Multi-Cloud Security, Risk Quantification, Business Analytics, Security Posture Optimization

Mell P, Grance T. The NIST definition of cloud computing. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2011;800(145):1-7.

Subashini S, Kavitha V. A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 2011;34(1):1-11.

Ristenpart T, Tromer E, Shacham H, Savage S. Hey, you, get off of my cloud: exploring information leakage in third-party compute clouds. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 2009:199-212.

Ismail U, Materwala H. A review of security and privacy concerns in cloud computing and possible solutions. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2019;10(5):1-9.

Singh A, Chatterjee K, Singh S. A systematic review of cloud security challenges and solutions. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2020;11(5):1-12.

Khajeh-Hosseini A, Sommerville I, Sriram I. Research challenges for enterprise cloud computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:1101.0916. 2011.

Daryabar F, Dehghantanha A, Udzir NI, Sani NFM, Abdullah SNHS. A survey about impacts of cloud computing on digital forensics. International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics. 2012;1(2):93-100.

Cloud Security Alliance. Top threats to cloud computing: The Egregious 11. Cloud Security Alliance. 2020.

Alqahtani F, Alsubhi K. Cloud computing security: A systematic review. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2020;11(5):1-8.

Shu R, Gu X, Enck W. A study of security vulnerabilities and software weaknesses in cloud computing. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering. 2015:1-10.

Ferrando R. Cloud security: A comprehensive guide to secure cloud computing. Journal of Information Security. 2021;12(3):215-228.

Choo KKR. Cloud computing: challenges and future directions. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice. 2010;400:1-6.

Duncan A, Creese S, Goldsmith M. An overview of insider attacks in cloud computing. In: 2012 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science. 2012:1-10.

Waqar W, Chen S, Wang J. A unified framework for cloud security and compliance. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. 2017;5(4):672-685.

Tabrizchi H, Kuchaki Rafsanjani M. A survey on security challenges in cloud computing: issues, threats, and solutions. Journal of Supercomputing. 2020;76(12):9493-9532.

Ross R, Pillitteri V, Graubart R, Bodeau D, McQuaid R. Developing cyber-resilient systems: a systems security engineering approach. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2021;800-160(2):1-120.

Stoneburner G, Goguen A, Feringa A. Risk management guide for information technology systems. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2002;800-30:1-65.

Shameli-Sendi A, Aghababaei-Barzegar R, Cheriet M. Taxonomy of information security risk assessment (ISRA). Computers and Security. 2016;57:14-30.

Freund J, Jones J. Measuring and managing information risk: a FAIR approach. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2014.

Woods DW, Böhme R. FAIR risk assessment: a quantitative approach to information risk. Journal of Cybersecurity. 2020;6(1):1-15.

Gartner Inc. Magic quadrant for security information and event management. Gartner Research. 2020.

Saha D, Jha S. A comprehensive survey on machine learning for cybersecurity. International Journal of Information Security. 2021;20(3):417-447.

Bhatt S, Manadhata PK, Zomlot L. The operational role of security information and event management systems. IEEE Security and Privacy. 2014;12(5):35-41.

Bhadani U, Shukla S. Cloud security analytics: a review of challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Cloud Computing. 2020;9(4):342-358.

Sarker IH, Kayes ASM, Badsha S, Alqahtani H, Watters P, Ng A. Cybersecurity data science: an overview from machine learning perspective. Journal of Big Data. 2020;7(1):1-29.

Al-Mohannadi H, Mirza Q, Namanya A, Awan I, Cullen A, Disso J. Cyber-attack prediction using machine learning for cybersecurity. In: 2018 International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise. 2018:1-8.

Nisioti A, Mylonas A, Yoo PD, Katos V. From intrusion detection to attacker attribution: a comprehensive survey of unsupervised methods. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials. 2018;20(4):3369-3388.

Apruzzese G, Colajanni M, Ferretti L, Marchetti M. Addressing adversarial attacks against security systems based on machine learning. In: 2019 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. 2019:1-18.

Shah T, Shah S. A comprehensive review of cloud security posture management tools. International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing. 2021;11(4):1-18.

Modak S, Jaidhar CD, Shukla MA. A survey on security and privacy issues in cloud computing. International Journal of Computer Applications. 2017;177(17):1-6.

Adebiyi A, Adedokun E. Cloud workload protection platforms: a systematic review. Journal of Cyber Security Technology. 2020;4(4):241-259.

Gartner Inc. Hype cycle for cloud security. Gartner Research. 2022.

Ponemon Institute. Cost of a data breach report. IBM Security. 2021.

IBM Security. Cost of a data breach report. IBM Corporation. 2022.

Herath T, Herath H. Investments in information security: a real options perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems. 2009;25(4):195-236.

Gordon LA, Loeb MP, Sohail T. Market value of voluntary disclosures concerning information security. MIS Quarterly. 2010;34(3):567-594.

Gordon LA, Loeb MP. The economics of information security investment. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security. 2002;5(4):438-457.

Cavusoglu H, Raghunathan S, Cavusoglu H. Configuration of detection software: a comparison of decision and game theory approaches. Decision Analysis. 2008;5(3):131-148.

Wang H, Wang Z, Li Q. Multi-objective optimization for security investment in cloud computing. Computers and Security. 2021;104:102-115.

Safaei S, Chizari H, Shamsi M. A systematic review of cloud computing security issues and solutions. International Journal of Communication Systems. 2020;33(9):e4387.

Sridhar S, Hahn A. Cyber security and resilience of cloud computing infrastructure. In: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. 2013:1-5.

Tounsi W, Rais H. A survey on technical threat intelligence in the age of sophisticated cyber attacks. Computers and Security. 2018;72:212-233.

Yadav T, Rao AM, Ramesh M. Security challenges in cloud computing: a systematic review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science. 2019;10(3):1-8.

Husari G, Al-Shaer E, Ahmed M, Chu B, Nhlabatsi A. TTPDrill: Automatic extraction of cyber threat behaviors from textual sources. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Workshop on Cyber Situational Awareness. 2017:1-8.

Mavroeidis V, Bromander S. Cyber threat intelligence model: an evaluation of taxonomies. In: 2017 International Conference on Cyber Conflict. 2017:1-14.

Al-Ahmad W, Mohammed S. Cloud computing security: a systematic review of cloud risk assessment frameworks. Journal of Information Security and Applications. 2020;55:102-115.

Zhang Q, Cheng L, Boutaba R. Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of Internet Services and Applications. 2010;1(1):7-18.

Kshetri N. Cloud computing in developing economies. Computer. 2010;43(10):47-55.

Soomro ZA, Shah MH, Ahmed J. Information security management needs more holistic approach: a literature review. International Journal of Information Management. 2016;36(2):215-225.

Fernandes DAB, Soares LFB, Gomes JV, Freire MM, Inácio PRM. Security issues in cloud environments: a survey. International Journal of Information Security. 2014;13(2):113-170.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning as Business Tools: A Framework for Diagnosing Value Destruction Potential - Md Nadil Khan, Tanvirahmedshuvo, Md Risalat Hossain Ontor, Nahid Khan, Ashequr Rahman - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.23680

Enhancing Business Sustainability Through the Internet of Things - MD Nadil Khan, Zahidur Rahman, Sufi Sudruddin Chowdhury, Tanvirahmedshuvo, Md Risalat Hossain Ontor, Md Didear Hossen, Nahid Khan, Hamdadur Rahman - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.24118

Real-Time Environmental Monitoring Using Low-Cost Sensors in Smart Cities with IoT - MD Nadil Khan, Zahidur Rahman, Sufi Sudruddin Chowdhury, Tanvirahmedshuvo, Md Risalat Hossain Ontor, Md Didear Hossen, Nahid Khan, Hamdadur Rahman - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.23163

The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, Investments, and Challenges for Enterprises - Md Nadil Khan, Tanvirahmedshuvo, Md Risalat Hossain Ontor, Nahid Khan, Ashequr Rahman - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.22699

Real-Time Health Monitoring with IoT - MD Nadil Khan, Zahidur Rahman, Sufi Sudruddin Chowdhury, Tanvirahmedshuvo, Md Risalat Hossain Ontor, Md Didear Hossen, Nahid Khan, Hamdadur Rahman - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.22751

Strategic Adaptation to Environmental Volatility: Evaluating the Long-Term Outcomes of Business Model Innovation - MD Nadil Khan, Shariful Haque, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Khaled Al-Samad, A H M Jafor, Md. Aziz, Omar Faruq, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1079

Evaluating the Impact of Business Intelligence Tools on Outcomes and Efficiency Across Business Sectors - MD Nadil Khan, Shariful Haque, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Khaled Al-Samad, A H M Jafor, Md. Aziz, Omar Faruq, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1080

Analyzing the Impact of Data Analytics on Performance Metrics in SMEs - MD Nadil Khan, Shariful Haque, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Khaled Al-Samad, A H M Jafor, Md. Aziz, Omar Faruq, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1081

The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Economic Paradigms in the USA and Globally - MD Nadil khan, Shariful Haque, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Khaled Al-Samad, A H M Jafor, Md. Aziz, Omar Faruq, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1083

Exploring the Impact of FinTech Innovations on the U.S. and Global Economies - MD Nadil Khan, Shariful Haque, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Khaled Al-Samad, A H M Jafor, Md. Aziz, Omar Faruq, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1082

Business Innovations in Healthcare: Emerging Models for Sustainable Growth - MD Nadil khan, Zakir Hossain, Sufi Sudruddin Chowdhury, Md. Sohel Rana, Abrar Hossain, MD Habibullah Faisal, SK Ayub Al Wahid, MD Nuruzzaman Pranto - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1093

The Impact of Economic Policy Changes on International Trade and Relations - Kazi Sanwarul Azim, A H M Jafor, Mir Abrar Hossain, Azher Uddin Shayed, Nabila Ahmed Nikita, Obyed Ullah Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1098

Privacy and Security Challenges in IoT Deployments - Obyed Ullah Khan, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, A H M Jafor, Azher Uddin Shayed, Mir Abrar Hossain, Nabila Ahmed Nikita - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1099

Digital Transformation in Non-Profit Organizations: Strategies, Challenges, and Successes - Nabila Ahmed Nikita, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, A H M Jafor, Azher Uddin Shayed, Mir Abrar Hossain, Obyed Ullah Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1097

AI and Machine Learning in International Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution - Mir Abrar Hossain, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, A H M Jafor, Azher Uddin Shayed, Nabila Ahmed Nikita, Obyed Ullah Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1095

The Evolution of Cloud Computing & 5G Infrastructure and its Economical Impact in the Global Telecommunication Industry - A H M Jafor, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Mir Abrar Hossain, Azher Uddin Shayed, Nabila Ahmed Nikita, Obyed Ullah Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1100

Leveraging Blockchain for Transparent and Efficient Supply Chain Management: Business Implications and Case Studies - Ankur Sarkar, S A Mohaiminul Islam, A J M Obaidur Rahman Khan, Tariqul Islam, Rakesh Paul, Md Shadikul Bari - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28492

AI-driven Predictive Analytics for Enhancing Cybersecurity in a Post-pandemic World: a Business Strategy Approach - S A Mohaiminul Islam, Ankur Sarkar, A J M Obaidur Rahman Khan, Tariqul Islam, Rakesh Paul, Md Shadikul Bari - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28493

The Role of Edge Computing in Driving Real-time Personalized Marketing: a Data-driven Business Perspective - Rakesh Paul, S A Mohaiminul Islam, Ankur Sarkar, A J M Obaidur Rahman Khan, Tariqul Islam, Md Shadikul Bari - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28494

Circular Economy Models in Renewable Energy: Technological Innovations and Business Viability - Md Shadikul Bari, S A Mohaiminul Islam, Ankur Sarkar, A J M Obaidur Rahman Khan, Tariqul Islam, Rakesh Paul - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28495

Artificial Intelligence in Fraud Detection and Financial Risk Mitigation: Future Directions and Business Applications - Tariqul Islam, S A Mohaiminul Islam, Ankur Sarkar, A J M Obaidur Rahman Khan, Rakesh Paul, Md Shadikul Bari - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28496

The Integration of AI and Machine Learning in Supply Chain Optimization: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Costs - Syed Kamrul Hasan, MD Ariful Islam, Ayesha Islam Asha, Shaya afrin Priya, Nishat Margia Islam - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28075

Cybersecurity in the Age of IoT: Business Strategies for Managing Emerging Threats - Nishat Margia Islam, Syed Kamrul Hasan, MD Ariful Islam, Ayesha Islam Asha, Shaya Afrin Priya - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28076

The Role of Big Data Analytics in Personalized Marketing: Enhancing Consumer Engagement and Business Outcomes - Ayesha Islam Asha, Syed Kamrul Hasan, MD Ariful Islam, Shaya afrin Priya, Nishat Margia Islam - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28077

Sustainable Innovation in Renewable Energy: Business Models and Technological Advances - Shaya Afrin Priya, Syed Kamrul Hasan, Md Ariful Islam, Ayesha Islam Asha, Nishat Margia Islam - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28079

The Impact of Quantum Computing on Financial Risk Management: A Business Perspective - Md Ariful Islam, Syed Kamrul Hasan, Shaya Afrin Priya, Ayesha Islam Asha, Nishat Margia Islam - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28080

AI-driven Predictive Analytics, Healthcare Outcomes, Cost Reduction, Machine Learning, Patient Monitoring - Sarowar Hossain, Ahasan Ahmed, Umesh Khadka, Shifa Sarkar, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/ 10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1104

Blockchain in Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Transparency, Efficiency, and Trust - Nahid Khan, Sarowar Hossain, Umesh Khadka, Shifa Sarkar - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1105

Cyber-Physical Systems and IoT: Transforming Smart Cities for Sustainable Development - Umesh Khadka, Sarowar Hossain, Shifa Sarkar, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1106

Quantum Machine Learning for Advanced Data Processing in Business Analytics: A Path Toward Next-Generation Solutions - Shifa Sarkar, Umesh Khadka, Sarowar Hossain, Nahid Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1107

Optimizing Business Operations through Edge Computing: Advancements in Real-Time Data Processing for the Big Data Era - Nahid Khan, Sarowar Hossain, Umesh Khadka, Shifa Sarkar - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1108

Data Science Techniques for Predictive Analytics in Financial Services - Shariful Haque, Mohammad Abu Sufian, Khaled Al-Samad, Omar Faruq, Mir Abrar Hossain, Tughlok Talukder, Azher Uddin Shayed - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1085

Leveraging IoT for Enhanced Supply Chain Management in Manufacturing - Khaled AlSamad, Mohammad Abu Sufian, Shariful Haque, Omar Faruq, Mir Abrar Hossain, Tughlok Talukder, Azher Uddin Shayed - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1087 33

AI-Driven Strategies for Enhancing Non-Profit Organizational Impact - Omar Faruq, Shariful Haque, Mohammad Abu Sufian, Khaled Al-Samad, Mir Abrar Hossain, Tughlok Talukder, Azher Uddin Shayed - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i0.1088

Sustainable Business Practices for Economic Instability: A Data-Driven Approach - Azher Uddin Shayed, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, A H M Jafor, Mir Abrar Hossain, Nabila Ahmed Nikita, Obyed Ullah Khan - AIJMR Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1095

Mohammad Majharul Islam, MD Nadil khan, Kirtibhai Desai, MD Mahbub Rabbani, Saif Ahmad, & Esrat Zahan Snigdha. (2025). AI-Powered Business Intelligence in IT: Transforming Data into Strategic Solutions for Enhanced Decision-Making. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(02), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue02-09.

Saif Ahmad, MD Nadil khan, Kirtibhai Desai, Mohammad Majharul Islam, MD Mahbub Rabbani, & Esrat Zahan Snigdha. (2025). Optimizing IT Service Delivery with AI: Enhancing Efficiency Through Predictive Analytics and Intelligent Automation. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(02), 44–58. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue02-08.

Esrat Zahan Snigdha, MD Nadil khan, Kirtibhai Desai, Mohammad Majharul Islam, MD Mahbub Rabbani, & Saif Ahmad. (2025). AI-Driven Customer Insights in IT Services: A Framework for Personalization and Scalable Solutions. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(03), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue03-04.

MD Mahbub Rabbani, MD Nadil khan, Kirtibhai Desai, Mohammad Majharul Islam, Saif Ahmad, & Esrat Zahan Snigdha. (2025). Human-AI Collaboration in IT Systems Design: A Comprehensive Framework for Intelligent Co-Creation. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(03), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue03-05.

Kirtibhai Desai, MD Nadil khan, Mohammad Majharul Islam, MD Mahbub Rabbani, Saif Ahmad, & Esrat Zahan Snigdha. (2025). Sentiment analysis with ai for it service enhancement: leveraging user feedback for adaptive it solutions. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(03), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue03-06.

Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Muhammad Saqib Jalil, MahamSaeed, Abdullah al mamun, Esrat Zahan Snigdha, MD Nadil khan, NahidKhan, & MD Mohaiminul Hasan. (2025). Big Data and Machine Learning inHealthcare: A Business Intelligence Approach for Cost Optimization andService Improvement. The American Journal of Medical Sciences andPharmaceutical Research, 115–135.https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue0314.

Maham Saeed, Muhammad Saqib Jalil, Fares Mohammed Dahwal, Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Esrat Zahan Snigdha, Abdullah al mamun, & MD Nadil khan. (2025). The Impact of AI on Healthcare Workforce Management: Business Strategies for Talent Optimization and IT Integration. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(03), 136–156. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue03-15.

Muhammad Saqib Jalil, Esrat Zahan Snigdha, Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Maham Saeed, Abdullah al mamun, MD Nadil khan, & Nahid Khan. (2025). AI-Powered Predictive Analytics in Healthcare Business: Enhancing OperationalEfficiency and Patient Outcomes. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 93–114. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue03-13.

Esrat Zahan Snigdha, Muhammad Saqib Jalil, Fares Mohammed Dahwal, Maham Saeed, Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Abdullah al mamun, MD Nadil khan, & Syed Kamrul Hasan. (2025). Cybersecurity in Healthcare IT Systems: Business Risk Management and Data Privacy Strategies. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 163–184. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue03-15.

Abdullah al mamun, Muhammad Saqib Jalil, Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Maham Saeed, Esrat Zahan Snigdha, MD Nadil khan, & Nahid Khan. (2025). Optimizing Revenue Cycle Management in Healthcare: AI and IT Solutions for Business Process Automation. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 141–162. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue03-14.

Hasan, M. M., Mirza, J. B., Paul, R., Hasan, M. R., Hassan, A., Khan, M. N., & Islam, M. A. (2025). Human-AI Collaboration in Software Design: A Framework for Efficient Co Creation. AIJMR-Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1). DOI: 10.62127/aijmr.2025.v03i01.1125

Mohammad Tonmoy Jubaear Mehedy, Muhammad Saqib Jalil, Maham Saeed, Esrat Zahan Snigdha, Nahid Khan, MD Mohaiminul Hasan.The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(3). 115-135.https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue03-14.

Junaid Baig Mirza, MD Mohaiminul Hasan, Rajesh Paul, Mohammad Rakibul Hasan, Ayesha Islam Asha. AIJMR-Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Volume 3, Issue 1, January-February 2025 .DOI: 10.62127/aijmr.2025.v03i01.1123 .

Mohammad Rakibul Hasan, MD Mohaiminul Hasan, Junaid Baig Mirza, Ali Hassan, Rajesh Paul, MD Nadil Khan, Nabila Ahmed Nikita.AIJMR-Advanced International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Volume 3, Issue 1, January-February 2025 .DOI: 10.62127/aijmr.2025.v03i01.1124.

Gazi Mohammad Moinul Haque, Dhiraj Kumar Akula, Yaseen Shareef Mohammed, Asif Syed, & Yeasin Arafat. (2025). Cybersecurity Risk Management in the Age of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(8), 126–150. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue08-14

Yaseen Shareef Mohammed, Dhiraj Kumar Akula, Asif Syed, Gazi Mohammad Moinul Haque, & Yeasin Arafat. (2025). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Information Systems: Opportunities and Challenges. The American Journalof Engineering and Technology, 7(8), 151–176. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue08-15

Yeasin Arafat, Dhiraj Kumar Akula, Yaseen Shareef Mohammed, Gazi Mohammad Moinul Haque, Mahzabin Binte Rahman, & Asif Syed. (2025). Big Data Analytics in Information Systems Research: Current Landscape and Future Prospects Focus: Data science, cloud platforms, real-time analytics in IS. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(8), 177–201. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue08-16

Dhiraj Kumar Akula, Yaseen Shareef Mohammed, Asif Syed, Gazi Mohammad Moinul Haque, & Yeasin Arafat. (2025). The Role of Information Systems in Enhancing Strategic Decision Making: A Review and Future Directions. The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations, 7(8), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume07Issue08-07

Dhiraj Kumar Akula, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Yaseen Shareef Mohammed, Asif Syed, & Gazi Mohammad Moinul Haque. (2025). Enterprise Architecture: Enabler of Organizational Agility and Digital Transformation. The American Journalof Management and Economics Innovations, 7(8), 54–79. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume07Issue08-06

Suresh Shivram Panchal, Iqbal Ansari, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Kiran Bhujel, & Yogesh Sharad Ahirrao. (2025). Cyber Risk And Business Resilience: A Financial Perspective On IT Security Investment Decisions. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(09), 23–48.https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue09-04

Iqbal Ansari, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Kiran Bhujel, Suresh Shivram Panchal, & Yogesh Sharad Ahirrao. (2025). Fintech Innovation And IT Infrastructure: Business Implications For Financial Inclusion And Digital Payment Systems. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(09), 49–73. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue09-05.

Asif Syed, Iqbal Ansari, Kiran Bhujel, Yogesh Sharad Ahirrao, Suresh Shivram Panchal, & Yaseen Shareef Mohammed. (2025). Blockchain Integration In Business Finance: Enhancing Transparency, Efficiency, And Trust In Financial Ecosystems. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(09), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue09-06.

Kiran Bhujel, Iqbal Ansari, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Suresh Shivram Panchal, & Yogesh Sharad Ahirrao. (2025). Digital Transformation In Corporate Finance: The Strategic Role Of IT In Driving Business Value. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(09), 100–125. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue09-07.

Yogesh Sharad Ahirrao, Iqbal Ansari, Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Kiran Bhujel, & Suresh Shivram Panchal. (2025). AI-Powered Financial Strategy: Transforming Business Decision-Making Through Predictive Analytics. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(09), 126–151. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue09-08.

Keya Karabi Roy, Maham Saeed, Mahzabin Binte Rahman, Kami Yangzen Lama, & Mustafa Abdullah Azzawi. (2025). Leveraging artificial intelligence for strategic decision-making in healthcare organizations: a business it perspective. The American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(8), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume07Issue08-07

Maham Saeed. (2025). Data-Driven Healthcare: The Role of Business Intelligence Tools in Optimizing Clinical and Operational Performance. The American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(8), 50–73. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume07Issue08-06

Kazi Sanwarul Azim, Maham Saeed, Keya Karabi Roy, & Kami Yangzen Lama. (2025). Digital transformation in hospitals: evaluating the ROI of IT investments in health systems. The American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(8), 94–116. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume07Issue08-08

Kami Yangzen Lama, Maham Saeed, Keya Karabi Roy, & MD Abutaher Dewan. (2025). Cybersecurityac Strategies in Healthcare It Infrastructure: Balancing Innovation and Risk Management. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, a7(8), 202–225. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue08-17

Maham Saeed, Keya Karabi Roy, Kami Yangzen Lama, Mustafa Abdullah Azzawi, & Yeasin Arafat. (2025). IOTa and Wearable Technology in Patient Monitoring: Business Analyticacs Applications for Real-Time Health Management. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(8), 226–246. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume07Issue08-18

Bhujel, K., Bulbul, S., Rafique, T., Majeed, A. A., & Maryam, D. S. (2024). Economic Inequality And Wealth Distribution. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(11), 2109–2118. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10294

Groenewald, D. E. S., Bhujel, K., Bilal, M. S., Rafique, T., Mahmood, D. S., Ijaz, A., Kantharia, D. F. A., & Groenewald, D. C. A. (2024). Enhancing Organizational performance through competency-based human resource management: A novel approach to performance evaluation. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(8), 284–290. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i8.7250

Azam, M. A., Ansari, I., Haque, G. M. M., & Jahid, A. (2026). Leveraging Health Information Systems and Predictive Analytics to Improve Patient Outcomes: A Data-Driven Approach. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(03), 45–70. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume08Issue03-06

Jahid, A., Haque, G. M. M., Ansari, I., & Azam, M. A. (2026). Sustainable IT Infrastructure and Green Data Analytics: Measuring Environmental Performance in Digital Enterprises. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8(03), 80–106. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume08Issue03-06

Haque, G. M. M., Ansari, I., Bhujel, K., Jahid, A., & Azam, M. A. (2026). Digital Transformation Strategies and IT Governance: Aligning Business Value with Technology Investments. The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations, 8(3), 24–48. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume08Issue03-02

Ansari, I., Bhujel, K., & Khawaja, U. (2026). AI-Driven Predictive Analytics and DecisionOutcomes in Modern Enterprises: Impacts on Decision Quality, Speed, and Operational Performance. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8(01), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume08Issue01-16