The global transition toward hydrogen-based mobility and energy-critical infrastructures has intensified the need for resilient, safe, and adaptive operational architectures capable of functioning under uncertainty, scale, and interdependence. High-volume systems such as hydrogen refueling networks, offshore process facilities, and distributed energy infrastructures face compounding risks from technological complexity, stochastic disturbances, decentralized decision-making constraints, and cascading failures. This research develops a comprehensive, publication-ready theoretical framework that integrates reactive execution models, decentralized control theory, structured optimal control, fuzzy dynamic risk-based maintenance optimization, and system-of-systems resilience design to enhance safety and operational continuity in hydrogen and energy-critical infrastructures. Drawing exclusively on foundational and contemporary works in resilience engineering, decentralized stochastic control, structured H-infinity optimal control, circular-economy safety governance, and energy infrastructure reliability, the study synthesizes insights from process safety incidents, offshore operational lessons, hydrogen mobility risk frameworks, and networked control convexity theory. The proposed framework conceptualizes resilience as a layered construct encompassing absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities, implemented through reactive control architectures that reconcile information structure constraints and network delays. The methodology develops a descriptive analytical synthesis of risk optimization, decentralized information structures, and operational redundancy, emphasizing stand-in redundancy and structured interconnections to mitigate failure propagation. Findings suggest that resilient hydrogen and energy infrastructures require not only technological safeguards but also mathematically coherent decentralized control architectures aligned with risk-informed investment strategies. The discussion elaborates theoretical implications for distributed optimization under non-classical information structures, safety governance in emerging hydrogen economies, and the limitations imposed by convexity constraints in networked control. The article concludes that integrating resilience assessment, reactive execution models, and decentralized optimal control theory provides a unified systems-theoretic pathway for safe, sustainable, and scalable hydrogen and energy-critical operations.

Operational resilience, decentralized control, hydrogen infrastructure safety

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