Architectural design imagining has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by the advent of augmented and virtual realities. The emergence of integrating AR and VR, along with the verification of spatial solutions, is generating new opportunities for real-time data visualization and smart environments. Moreover, mixed reality (MR), which combines augmented and virtual realities, forms a “trio” of technologies, each with unique capabilities and features. These high-tech tools enhance teamwork, reduce risks, and enable architects to craft more resourceful designs that align with client requirements. As augmented and virtual realities become increasingly widespread, ensuring the functionality and quality of these technologies is essential. VR and AR verification provides a means to make both augmented and virtual realities safe, user-friendly, and capable of meeting their intended purposes. Therefore, the accuracy of spatial data, which determines whether geographic analyses yield actionable insights or ambiguous results that may waste end-user resources, is critical.

Augmented Reality, Transformative, Virtual Reality, Architecture, Complex, Mixed Reality

Latifovich, T. A. (2021). Large-span structures and architectural form. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(1), 397–401.

Latipovich, T. A. (2025). Main elements of buildings. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research, 7(3), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume07issue03-04

Tabibov, A. L. (2023). Experience of using operated roofs abroad. International Journal on Orange Technology, 5(3), 19–23. http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/11548/1/4096-Article%20Text-11319-1-10-20230310.pdf

Makhmudova, M., & Tabibov, A. L. (2024). From the history of the creation of the Alisher Navoi Theater in Tashkent. Art and Design: Social Science, 4(03), 32–34.

Mukaddas, I., Nilufar, M., Abduvaris, T., Yashnar, M., & Murtaza, R. (2021). Creating an architectural environment for unemployed people with disabilities in Uzbekistan. Design Engineering, 12165–12172.

Kim, T. (2024). Importance of preserving historical monuments of the 20th century in the city of Tashkent: State Academic Bolshoi Theater named after Alisher Navoi. Acta of Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 14(2), 41–44.

Al Ansi, A. M., & Al-Ansi, A. (2020). Future of education post COVID-19 pandemic: Reviewing changes in learning environments and latest trends. Solid State Technology, 63(6), 201584–201600. https://solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/8792

Al-Ansi, A. (2022). Investigating Characteristics of Learning Environments During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28051

Ansi, A. M. A., & Fatmawati, I. (2023). Integration of ICT in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: a case study. International Journal of Learning and Change, 15(4), 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijlc.2023.132132

Al-Ansi, A. M., Garad, A., & Al-Ansi, A. (2021). ICT-Based Learning During Covid-19 Outbreak: Advantages, Opportunities and Challenges. Gagasan Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.30870/gpi.v2i1.10176

Al-Azawi, R. (2018). Embedding augmented and virtual reality in educational learning method: Present and future. In In2018 9th international conference on Information and communication systems (ICICS) (pp. 218–222). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8355470

Alalwan, N., Cheng, L., Al-Samarraie, H., Yousef, R., Ibrahim Alzahrani, A., & Sarsam, S. M. (2020). Challenges and Prospects of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Utilization among Primary School Teachers: A Developing Country Perspective. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 66, 100876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876

Ali, W. (2020). Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in light of COVID-19 Pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16

Alizadehsalehi, S., Hadavi, A., & Huang, J. C. (2021). Assessment of AEC Students’ Performance Using BIM-into-VR. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3225. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073225

Ayoub, A., & Pulijala, Y. (2019). The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. BMC Oral Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0937-8

Beck, D. (2019). Special Issue: Augmented and Virtual Reality in Education: Immersive Learning Research. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(7), 1619-1625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119854035

Bernacki, M. L., Greene, J. A., & Crompton, H. (2020). Mobile technology, learning, and achievement: Advances in understanding and measuring the role of mobile technology in education. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827

Biswas, P., Orero, P., Swaminathan, M., Krishnaswamy, K., & Robinson, P. (2021). Adaptive accessible AR/VR systems. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2101.02936

Boyles, B. (2017). Virtual reality and augmented reality in education (Master Teacher Program report). Center for Teaching Excellence, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY.

Radhakrishnan, M., & Rajesh, S. (2019). Existence ofixed points for pointwise eventually asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Applied General Topology, 20(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2019.10360

Chen, P., Liu, X., Cheng, W., & Huang, R. (2017). A review of using augmented reality in education from 2011 to 2016. In E. Popescu, et al. (Eds.), Innovations in smart learning (pp. 13–18). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2419-1_2

Childs, E., Mohammad, F., Stevens, L., Burbelo, H., Awoke, A., Rewkowski, N., & Manocha, D. (2021). An overview of enhancing distance learning through augmented and virtual reality technologies. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11000

Cieri, R. L., Turner, M. L., Carney, R. M., Falkingham, P. L., Kirk, A. M., Wang, T., Jensen, B., Novotny, J., Tveite, J., Gatesy, S. M., Laidlaw, D. H., Kaplan, H., Moorman, A. F. M., Howell, M., Engel, B., Cruz, C., Smith, A., Gerichs, W., Lian, Y., Schultz, J. T., … Farmer, C. G. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality: New tools for visualizing, analyzing, and communicating complex morphology. Journal of Morphology, 282(12), 1785–1800. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21421

Cortez, P., Moro, S., Rita, P., King, D., & Hall, J. (2018). Insights from a text mining survey on Expert Systems research from 2000 to 2016. Expert Systems, 35(3), Article e12280. https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12280

Criollo-C, S., Altamirano-Suarez, E., Jaramillo-Villacís, L., Vidal-Pacheco, K., Guerrero-Arias, A., & Luján-Mora, S. (2022). Sustainable Teaching and Learning through a Mobile Application: A Case Study. Sustainability, 14(11), 6663. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116663

Criollo-C, S., Guerrero-Arias, A., Jaramillo-Alcázar, Á., & Luján-Mora, S. (2021). Mobile Learning Technologies for Education: Benefits and Pending Issues. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094111

Du, R., Turner, E., Dzitsiuk, M., Prasso, L., Duarte, I., Dourgarian, J., Afonso, J., Pascoal, J., Gladstone, J., Cruces, N., Izadi, S., Kowdle, A., Tsotsos, K., & Kim, D. (2020). DepthLab: Real-time 3D interaction with depth maps for mobile augmented reality. In UIST '20: The 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 829–843). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415881

Eckert, M., Volmerg, J. S., & Friedrich, C. M. (2019). Augmented Reality in Medicine: Systematic and Bibliographic Review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(4), Article e10967. https://doi.org/10.2196/10967

Elmqaddem, N. (2019). Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Myth or Reality? International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(03), 234. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i03.9289

Fu, Y., Hu, Y., & Sundstedt, V. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality Game Applications in Healthcare. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare, 3(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472303

Gandedkar, N. H., Wong, M. T., & Darendeliler, M. A. (2021). Role of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in tertiary education and research of orthodontics: An insight. Seminars in Orthodontics, 27(2), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2021.05.003

Garad, A., Al Ansi, A. M., & Qamari, I. N. (2021). The role of e learning infrastructure and cognitive competence in distance learning effectiveness during the COVID 19 pandemic. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.33474

Gargrish, S., Mantri, A., & Kaur, D. P. (2020). Augmented reality based learning environment to enhance teaching learning experience in geometry education. Procedia Computer Science, 172, 1039–1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.152

Garzón, J., Pavón, J., & Baldiris, S. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmented reality in educational settings. Virtual Reality, 23(4), 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-019-00379-9

Gudonienė, D., & Rutkauskienė, D. (2019). Virtual and augmented reality in education. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 7(2), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.22364/bjmc.2019.7.2.07

Guo, X., Guo, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021). The development of extended reality in education: Inspiration from the research literature. Sustainability, 13(24), Article 13776. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413776

Hantono, B. S., Nugroho, L. E., & Santosa, P. I. (2018). Meta review of augmented reality in education. In Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE) (pp. 312–315). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITEED.2018.8534888

Huang, M. C. tom Dieck, & Jung, T. (Eds.). (2019). Augmented reality and virtual reality: The power of AR and VR for business. Springer.

Huang, K. T., Ball, C., Francis, J., Ratan, R., Boumis, J., & Fordham, J. (2019). Augmented versus virtual reality in education: An exploratory study examining science knowledge retention when using augmented reality/virtual reality mobile applications. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(2), 105–110.

Javornik, A. (2016). Augmented reality: Research agenda for studying the impact of its media characteristics on consumer behaviour. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30, 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.02.004

Kamińska, D., Sapiński, T., Wiak, S., Tikk, T., Haamer, R. E., Avots, E., Helmi, A., Ozcinar, C., & Anbarjafari, G. (2019). Virtual reality and its applications in education: Survey. Information, 10(10), Article 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10100318

Kim, C., Yoon, H. C., Kim, D. H., & Do, Y. R. (2018). Spectroscopic influence of virtual reality and augmented reality display devices on the human nonvisual characteristics and melatonin suppression response. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(4), Article 1–11.

Klimova, B., & Poláková, P. (2020). Students’ perceptions of an EFL vocabulary learning mobile application. Education Sciences, 10(2), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10020037

Köse, H., & Güner Yildiz, N. (2021). Augmented reality (AR) as a learning material in special needs education. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 1921–1936.

Krüger, J. M., Buchholz, A., & Bodemer, D. (2019). Augmented reality in education: Three unique characteristics from a user’s perspective. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computers in Education (pp. 412–422).

Kumar, P. P., Thallapalli, R., Akshay, R., Sai, K. S., Sai, K. S., & Srujan, G. S. (2022). State of the art: Implementation of augmented reality and virtual reality with the integration of 5G in the classroom. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2418, Article 20069. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097076

Lai, N. Y. G., Wong, K. H., Yu, L. J., & Kang, H. S. (2020). Virtual reality (VR) in engineering education and training: A bibliometric analysis. In Proceedings of the 2nd World Symposium on Software Engineering (pp. 161–165).

Lavrentieva, O. O., Arkhypov, I. O., Kuchma, O. I., & Uchitel, A. D. (2020). Use of simulators together with virtual and augmented reality in the system of welders’ vocational training: Past, present, and future. In Augmented reality in education: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop (AREdu 2019), Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, March 22, 2019 (No. 2547, pp. 201–216). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Retrieved from https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2547/paper15.pdf

Lewis, R. B. (1999). SIMSTAT with WORDSTAT: A comprehensive statistical package with a content analysis module. Field Methods, 11(2), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443939901100206

Li, X., Yi, W., Chi, H.-L., Wang, X., & Chan, A. P. C. (2018). A critical review of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications in construction safety. Automation in Construction, 86, 150–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.11.003

Maunder, R. E. (2018). Students' peer relationships and their contribution to university adjustment: The need to belong in the university community. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(6), 756–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1311996

Mystakidis, S., Fragkaki, M., & Filippousis, G. (2021). Ready teacher one: Virtual and augmented reality online professional development for K-12 school teachers. Computers, 10(10), Article 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10100134

Nguyen, V. T., & Dang, T. (2017). Setting up virtual reality and augmented reality learning environment in Unity. In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct) (pp. 315–320). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2017.97

Nguyen, V. T., Jung, K., & Dang, T. (2019). Creating virtual reality and augmented reality development in classroom: Is it a hype? In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR) (pp. 212–215). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIVR.2019.00052

Oberdörfer, S., Birnstiel, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Grafe, S. (2021). Mutual benefits: Interdisciplinary education of pre-service teachers and HCI students in VR/AR learning environment design. Frontiers in Education, 6, Article 693012. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.693012

Olbina, S., & Glick, S. (2022). Using integrated hands-on and virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) approaches in construction management education. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 19(3), 341–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2022.2115173

de Oliveira, M. E., & Corrêa, C. G. (2020). Virtual reality and augmented reality applications in agriculture: A literature review. In 2020 22nd Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR) (pp. 1–9). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SVR51698.2020.00017

Patel, S., Panchotiya, B., & Ribadiya, S. A. (2020). A survey: Virtual, augmented and mixed reality in education. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(05), 1067–1072. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS050652

Permanasari, A. E., Nugroho, H. E., Ardhanarko, H. B. S., Fauziati, S., Utami, I. K., & Sholihin, M. (2022). Development of VR and AR learning media for enterprise business ethic scenarios. In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) (pp. 225–230). IEEE.

Phakamach, P., Senarith, P., & Wachirawongpaisarn, S. (2022). The Metaverse in education: The future of immersive teaching & learning. RICE Journal of Creative Entrepreneurship & Management, 3(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.14456/rjcm.2022.12

Poláková, P., & Klímová, B. (2019). Mobile technology and Generation Z in the English language classroom – a preliminary study. Education Sciences, 9(3), 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030203

Raja, M., & Lakshmi Priya, G. G. (2022). Using virtual reality and augmented reality with ICT tools for enhancing quality in the changing academic environment in COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study. In Technologies, Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Learning Post COVID-19 (pp. 467–482). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978 3 030 93921 2_26

Rau, P. L. P., Zheng, J., Guo, Z., & Li, J. (2018). Speed reading on virtual reality and augmented reality. Computers & Education, 125, 240–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.016

Remolar, I., Rebollo, C., & Fernández Moyano, J. A. (2021). Learning history using virtual and augmented reality. Computers, 10(11), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10110146