Design and Construction of Optical Lines in a Modern City under High-Density Development: Technological Imperatives, Economic Efficiency, and Preservation of Architectural Heritage

The present study provides an expanded techno-economic analysis of designing and constructing fiber-optic communication lines in a high-density urban environment typical of recent megacities. Against the backdrop of accelerated network-traffic growth driven by the scaling of generative artificial intelligence, the proliferation of ultra-high-definition video streams (8K/VR), and the development of fifth- and sixth-generation networks (5G/6G), last-mile infrastructure increasingly functions as a binding constraint for the digital economy. The central hypothesis substantiates the position that the traditional civil-construction approach—open-trench installation—has exhausted its potential for economic and logistical effectiveness within historically established territories. The argumentation leads to the conclusion that a transition is required toward a hybrid model combining micro-trenching technologies, non-destructive testing and verification of underground utilities (GPR/SUE), and intelligent practices for reusing existing municipal infrastructure. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing network deployment in legacy housing stock versus new construction, revealing a systemic disparity in CAPEX structure and the profile of operational risks. Based on a critical review of more than thirty authoritative sources, including materials from Deloitte, IEEE, the Fiber Broadband Association, and Cartesian for 2024, a decision matrix for selecting an installation method is developed. In addition, algorithmic models are presented for evaluating network reliability and total cost of ownership, together with program code intended to visualize key economic indicators.

fiber-optic communication lines, high-density urban development, micro-trenching, nano-trenching, open trench, FTTH, XGS-PON, 50G-PON, ODN, GPR, SUE, CAPEX, TCO, reliability, Brownfield, Greenfield, architectural heritage

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