The article presents a comprehensive comparison of two predominant platforms used in contemporary nail services: classical monomer–polymer acrylate systems and UV-cured hard gels. The aim of the study is to conduct an integrated comparative analysis of the physicochemical, mechanical, and toxicological profiles of traditional acrylic systems and modern UV-cured hard gels, providing an evidence-based assessment of their effects on the integrity of the natural nail structure and the safety of their use in salon practice. The methodological framework includes a systematic review of interdisciplinary sources in polymer chemistry and physics, materials science, dermatology, and occupational hygiene, as well as a critical analysis of regulatory documents; emphasis is placed on reproducible selection criteria and comparability of metrics. The analytical block is structured around physicochemical determinants: monomer composition, crosslinking and kinetics/degree of conversion, post polymerization shrinkage, residual monomer fraction, and molecular weight distribution. These parameters are correlated with performance characteristics of the coatings, including elastic modulus and viscoelastic response, adhesion to the keratin substrate, wear and impact resistance, and resistance to wetting/drying cycles. The study demonstrates that UV-cured gels, by virtue of a softer mechanics profile (lower effective modulus and better tolerance to shear deformation), exhibit high biomechanical compatibility with the natural nail plate, reducing local stresses and the likelihood of microcrack formation. Toxicological assessment revealed a substantial differentiation of occupational risks: for acrylate monomers, inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds and dust aerosols during filing predominates, whereas for gel systems the key factor is control of UV exposure dose and ensuring sufficient depth/completeness of cure to minimize residual monomer. When protocols for safe use are followed (local exhaust ventilation, personal protective equipment, correct photopolymerization, and a lamp replacement schedule), UV-cured hard gels appear to be a more biocompatible and mechanically sparing technology that helps preserve the structural integrity of the nail plate. The findings have practical significance for nail technicians (selection of materials and operating parameters), formulation technologists (optimization of formulations for target mechanical and toxicological profiles), instructors of specialized programs (updating training modules on safety and materials science), and dermatologists (clinical prevention and management of contact reactions).

hard gel, acrylic system, polymerization, nail services, elastic modulus, allergic contact dermatitis, methacrylate’s, workplace safety, nail biomechanics, polymer chemistry

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