Methodological Approaches and Instruments for Assessment of Environmental Harm to The Natural Environment in Conditions of Armed Conflicts: International Legal Dimension
Normakhamatova Nilufar Bakhodirovna , Student at the University of World Economy and Diplomacy of the Republic of UzbekistanAbstract
This article examines methodological and legal approaches to assessing environmental damage caused during armed conflicts. It argues that wartime environmental assessment differs fundamentally from peacetime monitoring because of the dynamic nature of hostilities, fragmented information, destroyed monitoring infrastructure, and security risks for specialists. The study substantiates the need to apply systems-based and ecosystem-oriented approaches that view the environment as an interconnected whole rather than as a set of isolated natural components. Particular attention is given to component-specific and ecosystem indicators, including air, water, soil, biodiversity, ecosystem resilience, and public health parameters. The article also analyzes the complementary use of field and laboratory methods, satellite imagery, geographic information systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles. It concludes that international law is moving toward a scientifically grounded and interdisciplinary model for environmental damage assessment, although its implementation remains constrained by limited access to affected territories, insufficient methodological standardization, and the absence of a specialized international post-conflict assessment mechanism.
Keywords
Environmental damage, armed conflict, international environmental law
References
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Draft Principles on the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts, with Commentaries, 2022.
United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979.
Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, 1992.
Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes.
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992.
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 1994.
Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 8 July 1977.
United Nations Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, 1992.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992.
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Political Science Law
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