Abstract: In recent years, the global semiconductor supply chain has been subject to multiple, interwoven shocks—ranging from pandemic-induced disruptions, macroeconomic upheavals, geopolitical tensions, to climate‑related risks. This paper offers a comprehensive, theory-driven examination of systemic vulnerabilities in semiconductor supply networks and explores the strategic role of reshoring and resilience metrics in reconfiguring these networks for greater stability and autonomy. Drawing on a multidisciplinary synthesis of supply chain resilience theory, macroeconomic analyses, industry reports, and policy research, we construct a detailed conceptual framework that integrates resilience measurement, disruption impact channels, and strategic adaptations such as reshoring and diversification. The analysis reveals that while traditional supply‑chain resilience metrics (e.g., recovery time, robustness, flexibility) remain essential (Behzadi et al., 2020; Campuzano & Mula, 2011), they are insufficient alone in the semiconductor context: the long lead times, high capital intensity, and geopolitical concentration necessitate additional dimensions—sovereign autonomy, climate‑risk exposure, and macroeconomic elasticity. We show how reshoring initiatives, especially in high‑value segments like GPU manufacturing, can enhance strategic autonomy and buffer macroeconomic vulnerabilities (Lulla, 2025; PwC, 2025). However, reshoring presents trade‑offs: elevated costs, potential innovation slowdowns, and environmental externalities. The paper concludes by offering a set of refined resilience metrics tailored for the semiconductor industry, and a policy‑oriented roadmap for firms and governments to promote a more resilient, adaptive, and autonomous semiconductor supply ecosystem.

Semiconductor supply chain, Supply chain resilience, Reshoring, Strategic autonomy

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