Volume 8.
Issue 3.

Biologically active organic compounds play a decisive role in modern medicine and pharmaceutical chemistry. In particular, these compounds are capable of interacting selectively with biological macromolecules, thereby producing therapeutic effects. The present article aims to provide a deeply analyzed overview of synthetic strategies used for obtaining biologically active organic compounds and, furthermore, to examine their pharmacological characteristics. Special emphasis is placed on structure–activity relationships, optimization strategies, and modern trends in medicinal chemistry. Thus, the synthesis and evaluation of such compounds are considered within an integrated scientific framework.

This paper explores the multifaceted applications of nanotechnology across three diverse yet impactful fields: solar energy, 3D printing, and superhydrophobic nanocoatings. It delves into how nanoscale manipulation of materials significantly enhances the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar photovoltaic devices, revolutionizes additive manufacturing by enabling precision and novel material properties, and creates self-cleaning, water-repellent surfaces with broad industrial applications. By examining recent advancements and prospects in each area, this paper highlights the profound and transformative potential of nanotechnology to address critical challenges in energy, manufacturing, and materials science.

The study examines the synthesis and color characteristics of Co-containing ceramic pigments in the CoO-ZnO-SiO2 system. Pigments were prepared from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, and quartz sand (SiO2) by solid-state firing in air at 1050-1250 °C. X-ray diffraction confirmed willemite-type Zn₂SiO₄ as the main phase; at 1050 °C secondary phases (Co2SiO4, α-SiO2, and traces of ZnO) were detected, while their contribution decreased markedly with increasing temperature, indicating near-complete willemite formation at 1250 °C. Diffuse reflectance colorimetry (CIELAB, D65/10°) showed progressive darkening and saturation of the blue–violet color with temperature (L* 58.57→33.43; b* -38.35→-48.65; C* 39.15→49.25) with an almost constant hue angle. The most stable and intense coloration was achieved at 1250 °C (ΔE* vs 1250 °C: 27.17 at 1050 °C and 9.78 at 1150 °C).

Background: Rotenone, a lipophilic mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, is widely used to model Parkinsonian neurodegeneration and synaptic failure.

Objective: To quantify rotenone-associated behavioral changes and determine whether they co-occur with altered glutamate-evoked synaptosomal Ca²⁺ dynamics.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into control and rotenone groups (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 11 consecutive days; n=6/group). Exploratory behavior was assessed in an open-field/hole-board ar ena (42 × 42 cm; 42-floor grid; 3 min; ~100 lux). Crude synaptosomes (P2 fraction) were isolated from whole brain tissue, loaded with Fluo‑4AM (final 5 µM, 30 min, 37°C), and stimulated with L‑glutamate (50 µM). Ca²⁺ responses were summarized as resting signal, peak amplitude, area under the curve (AUC), and clearance time constant (τ).

Results: Rotenone reduced horizontal locomotion (72±6 vs 14±4 crossings), vertical activity (38±5 vs 8±3 rearings), and hole‑poking (16±2 vs 6±1; all p<0.05). Synaptosomes from rotenone-treated rats displayed a higher resting Ca²⁺-related fluorescence (+21%) and enhanced glutamate-evoked Ca²⁺ responses (peak +18%, AUC +25%), alongside faster decay (τ −17%) relative to controls (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Subchronic rotenone exposure produces a reproducible hypokinetic phenotype that parallels presynaptic Ca²⁺ dysregulation, supporting a mechanistic link between mitochondrial stress and abnormal glutamate-triggered Ca²⁺ signaling.

The article offers a comprehensive integrative review of the interdisciplinary field of human–building interaction (HBI), aimed at systematizing its theoretical, technological and applied components. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic against the background of the rapid expansion of the intelligent building development segment and identifies a key research gap associated with the fragmentation of existing studies. The purpose of the study is to advance a dynamic process model of HBI by integrating three critical domains: occupant comfort/well-being, human-centered IoT design, and behavioral analytics. Unlike previous static taxonomies, this research posits a causal feedback loop where behavioral analytics serves as the mediating mechanism that translates raw IoT data into adaptive environmental responses, while human-centered design acts as the antecedent condition for user trust. The proposed framework redefines the intelligent building not merely as an automated facility, but as a sociotechnical system dependent on recursive learning between the occupant and the built environment. The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology following PRISMA guidelines to map the fragmented HBI landscape. The search strategy targeted peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 in Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore, using the Boolean strings: ("Human-Building Interaction" OR "HBI") AND ("IoT" OR "Ambient Intelligence") AND ("Comfort" OR "Well-being"). Inclusion criteria prioritized studies offering empirical evidence of user-in-the-loop controls and adaptive systems. This academic corpus was triangulated with high-impact industry reports (e.g., Gartner, McKinsey) to ground theoretical models in current market technological capabilities. This dual approach facilitates a valid transition from theoretical synthesis to the proposed conceptual framework. The results obtained encompass: the development of a classification of conceptual HBI models; an analytical assessment of technological solutions for monitoring and maintaining comfort parameters (BEMS, adaptive façades, PCS); a systematization of human-centered design principles for the intelligent environment; as well as an assessment of the impact of adaptive spaces on work performance based on case studies. The conclusion demonstrates that the effectiveness of HBI is determined not by the degree of technological sophistication but by the quality of integration of human-centered principles and by the overcoming of sociotechnical barriers, above all the deficit of trust caused by data privacy risks. The information presented in this study will be of interest to the academic community, architects, engineers and specialists in real estate facility management.

The article discusses the problem of building an effective waste sorting system at industrial enterprises through the lens of relevant principles. Against the backdrop of natural resource depletion and stricter environmental legislation, the transformation of waste material from an expense item into a valuable secondary resource is becoming not just an opportunity but a strategic link. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to move from fragmented solutions to the creation of holistic management systems. The goal is to characterize and substantiate a multi-component model for building an effective sorting system in industrial enterprises, which integrates technological, logistical, managerial, and cultural aspects. During the literature review, a contradiction was identified: most studies focus either on technological automation, presenting it as a self-sufficient solution, or on general managerial concepts (missing out on specific implementation barriers and, most importantly, the role of the human factor). The author concludes that maximum efficiency and economic return are achieved not solely through advanced equipment, but through the synergy of four key elements: a thorough audit of waste streams, well-chosen technologies, optimized internal logistics, and a purposefully developed corporate culture of responsibility. The author's contribution lies in shifting the focus from a purely technical to a comprehensive, organizational, and technological approach, and in developing specific, practically applicable recommendations for involving personnel, an aspect that remains undeservedly on the periphery of scientific research. The presented materials will be useful for industrial managers, process engineers, environmental specialists, and lean management professionals.

This work studies the possibilities of increasing the nutritional and biological value of traditional halva by enriching it with sesame and flax seeds. According to the results of the study, the introduction of these additives increased the content of protein, fat, dietary fiber and minerals in the product, and to a certain extent reduced the share of carbohydrates. At the same time, the composition of fatty acids improved qualitatively, and in particular, the content of omega-3 fatty acids increased significantly. The study also revealed that the antioxidant properties of the product increased as a result of the addition of sesame and flax seeds. The increase in phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity indicators confirms the increased contribution of functional components. As a result, such halva is considered not only a high energy source, but also a functional food product that meets the requirements of healthy nutrition.

Background. Recurrent adenoiditis and sinusitis in children remain a significant challenge in pediatrics due to increasing pathogen resistance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of bacterial biofilms on inflammation chronicity and to find ways to improve conservative therapy outcomes at the Andijan State Medical Institute clinic.

Methods. The study included 84 patients (aged 3–12 years) with verified recurrent adenoiditis and chronic sinusitis. Along with standard endoscopic and CT examinations, a microbiological analysis of adenoid vegetation fragments (n=32) was performed using biofilm extracellular matrix detection methods. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t-test.

Results. Polymicrobial associations organized into biofilms were identified in 68% of children, which correlated with the low effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapy (22.8% efficiency in the biofilm group vs. 74.1% in the control group). It was established that adenoid biofilms provoke the development of otitis media with effusion in 43.8% of cases, creating an infection reservoir inaccessible to conventional doses of systemic drugs.

Conclusions. The presence of bacterial biofilms is a determining factor in the recurrence of ENT pathologies in children. The findings justify a shift from massive antibiotic therapy to a strategy of biomatrix destruction and topical sanitation. This approach helps reduce the frequency of unjustified adenotomies and decreases the drug load on the child's body.

The article presents a systematic analysis of financial flow optimization methods for real estate development companies amid growing project capital intensity, a complicating regulatory environment, and intensifying competition in real estate markets. The study integrates theoretical and applied approaches to calendar-financial planning, payment cycle management, digital tracking of work progress, and initial financial project selection with the generalized patterns of investment and construction portfolio operations. Key revenue scaling factors are examined: synchronizing production and settlement events, reducing payment lags, managing liquidity, predicting cash inflows, utilizing threshold return rates, and integrating digital forecasting tools. Particular attention is paid to shifting managerial focus from increasing debt capital toward models based on accelerating capital turnover and altering the temporal geometry of cash flows without extending project duration. It is shown that rescheduling operations, implementing advance and partial payment mechanisms, and digitally automating the verification of completed work establish a stable financial framework, reduce the amplitude of cash deficits, and limit the need for external financing. The paper demonstrates that a developer's financial stability emerges as a result of integrating calendar, payment, and investment filters, and its improvement is directly linked to the level of digital maturity, organizational alignment, and the ability to account for the portfolio nature of the business. This article can be useful for executives of development companies, chief financial officers, investment analysts, and construction project management specialists when formulating strategies for business scaling and capital turnover acceleration.

Diverse, complex and rugged Geological terrains in Nigeria has been a major hindrance to gas distribution for economic growth. The study aimed to diagnose critical steps revolving around the Mid and Downstream to get gas and its infrastructures across the huge population of about 233 million inhabitants.  With 210 TCF reserve deposit, Nigeria and Africa will need harness this potential for robust economic collaboration. A target to increase the current 7.18bcfd to 12.7bcfd gas production by 2030 is in the pipeline. A total 61.58% refinery utilization was recorded between Q1 and Q3 of 2025 with Aradel, (1,000bpd), Waltersmith (5,000bpd), Duport (2500bpd), Dangote (650,000bpd) at a total 1,195,000 barrels per day crude oil processing capacity. Ajaokuta-Kano-Kaduna (AKK) and Obiafu-Obrikom-Oben ie OB3 gas pipelines among several others are at advanced stages of completion for gas distribution. Existing gas pipelines across the Nigerian landscape revealed 32%, 26% and 13% across South-west, south-south and South-east respectively with virtually no sign of similar pipeline in the northern axis. CNG recorded just 0.5% utilization rate in 2025 (southern area) with an ambitious target of scaling up to 9.1% and 21% utilization rate by 2027 and 2030 respectively with an upcoming integrated 500 CNG retail outlets. LPG adoption and utilization increased on a year-on-year basis by 51.58%. About 300mmscf/d of gas goes into production of 65% of Nigeria’s 111Kw/cap of electricity expected to triple soon. This energy study forecasts that natural gas will be relevant beyond 2060 as a major source of energy, existing side by side with other forms of energy sources with solar energy serving as veritable energy mix to the tune of 25% compared to the current status of less than 12%. With upstream scalability, midstream connectivity and downstream certainty, gas production will not only surge in volume but advance a clean, eco-friendly society and ignite the new impetus that will enhance Nigeria’s industrialization agenda.