Etymological-Genetic Classification of Homonyms in Uzbek: Lexical Sources, Language Contact and Semantic Development
Abstract
Homonymy is one of the most complex phenomena in the lexical system of the Uzbek language because identical phonetic or graphic forms may represent lexical units with substantially different meanings and historical origins. This article investigates the etymological and genetic characteristics of Uzbek homonyms and identifies the principal linguistic and extralinguistic mechanisms responsible for their formation. Particular attention is devoted to the distinction between homonyms of common origin and genetically unrelated homonyms formed through lexical borrowing and formal convergence. The research considers lexical units associated with Turkic, Arabic, Persian-Tajik, Russian, French and other linguistic sources. The analysis demonstrates that language contact, phonetic adaptation, semantic specialization, historical semantic change and terminological development have significantly contributed to the formation of homonymic relations in Uzbek. Examples such as had, rang, karam, nafas, ko‘r and xotin demonstrate different mechanisms of homonym formation. A comparative perspective involving English indicates that the historical composition of the lexicon and the intensity of interlingual contact directly influence the productivity of genetically unrelated homonyms. The findings emphasize the importance of an etymological-genetic approach for explanatory and bilingual lexicography, translation studies and the systematic description of Uzbek vocabulary.
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References
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