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Monkeypox Virus Beyond Endemic Regions: Insights into Genomic Evolution, Host–Virus Interactions, and Global Public Health Challenges

Navya Kakkar
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow – 226028, INDIA
Aditi Singh
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow – 226028, INDIA
DOI Crossref DOI 10.37547/tajas/warm-31
tajas 2026
JOURNAL PUBLICATION MAY
FULL TEXT PP. 367-376
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VOLUME —
ISSUE —
YEAR 2026
PAGES 367-376
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

The monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is responsible for the zoonotic illness mpox, has traditionally been confined to the tropical forest regions of Central and West Africa. However, in recent years, the virus has expanded beyond its endemic range and has led to outbreaks across numerous countries worldwide. In this review, we examine how monkeypox virus interacts with its host, influencing infection processes, signalling pathways, disease progression, and immune responses. We also emphasize the evolving understanding of MPXV pathophysiology and epidemiology, while outlining the latest developments in strategies for prevention and therapeutic management of mpox. Adopting a One Health framework offers a promising strategy to curb ongoing mpox outbreaks and reduce the risk of future epidemics.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Keywords

Mpox zoonotic illness genomic organization epidemiology pathophysiology ecological niche

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