Multiscale Fractal Modeling and Structural Analysis of Fracture Regularity in Maize Kernels and Stalks
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Fracture behavior in maize kernels and stalks is an important factor influencing mechanical harvesting efficiency, grain quality, postharvest losses, and agricultural machinery performance. Conventional mechanical testing provides information about fracture force, deformation, and energy absorption, but it does not fully characterize the geometric complexity of fracture surfaces. Fractal theory offers a complementary approach for investigating irregular fracture patterns across different observation scales. This paper develops a conceptual framework for multiscale fractal modeling and structural analysis of fracture regularity in maize kernels and stalks. The proposed methodology integrates specimen characterization, controlled mechanical loading, digital fracture imaging, image processing, geometric complexity assessment, and statistical comparison. Particular attention is given to moisture content, anatomical structure, loading orientation, and mechanical threshing conditions as potential factors influencing fracture morphology. The supplied literature establishes the relevance of kernel structure, moisture-dependent mechanical behavior, threshing mechanisms, and discrete-element modeling to this research direction. However, the available references do not provide an experimentally validated fractal model for maize fracture. Therefore, the findings presented here represent a literature-based methodological synthesis rather than measured experimental results. The proposed framework provides a foundation for future investigations into fracture morphology, low-damage harvesting, and agricultural material characterization.