Volume 8.
Issue 03.

This study focuses on the application of marker-assisted selection (MAS) technology to develop high-yielding, protein-rich wheat varieties with enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses, including drought, low temperature, and salinity. The use of molecular markers enables precise identification and selection of desirable genotypes carrying stress-resistance traits, thereby increasing the efficiency of breeding programs.

The results revealed a significant aggregation of resistance-associated marker alleles in the studied lines. In particular, lines L257 and L258 were found to possess all three target marker alleles, while lines L015, L018, L025, L026, L233, and L236 carried two marker alleles each. Such genetic accumulation of favorable alleles contributes to improved adaptability and stability of wheat under adverse environmental conditions.

The introduction of newly developed varieties into agricultural practice has the potential to substantially increase crop productivity and enhance the economic efficiency of farming systems. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable insights for sustainable wheat breeding strategies in the context of ongoing climate change and increasing environmental stresses.

In this study, the inheritance of plant productivity, lint percentage, 1000-seed weight, and fiber length traits in naturally colored cotton samples, as well as their response to water deficit conditions, were investigated. Under optimal water supply conditions, the highest values of the main economically valuable traits were mainly observed in the white-fibered Sadaf variety, while the highest 1000-seed weight was recorded in the brown-fibered 011250 sample. In the F₁ hybrids obtained through diallel crossing, intermediate inheritance, positive and negative incomplete dominance, and in some cases overdominance were observed for most of the studied traits. Under simulated drought (water deficit) conditions, all parental forms and hybrid genotypes showed varying degrees of reduction in the studied traits. The obtained results are important for the selection of drought-tolerant and high-yielding cotton genotypes.

This study examines how robust traceability can be established across honey and apiculture product supply chains within the Russian Federation. The methodological core rests on the analysis of contemporary data architectures that integrate blockchain (BC), the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) as a toolset for lifecycle event capture, automated collection of primary data, and intelligent validation of record credibility. A comparative review of the regulatory regimes of the Russian Federation, the European Union, and the United States is conducted in order to identify divergences in batch identification requirements, record granularity, control mechanisms, and the allocation of responsibility among chain participants. Particular attention is given to institutional and technological constraints affecting the roll-out of digital labeling within the segment of household subsistence farms (LPH), which accounts for a substantial share of domestic production while simultaneously exhibiting limited capacity for digitalization, heterogeneous bookkeeping practices, and elevated transaction costs associated with migration to standardized registration procedures. A five-level industry maturity model is proposed to systematize the transition trajectory from fragmented accounting and dispersed control channels toward transparent, risk-oriented supply chains that ensure data reproducibility and strengthened product safety. The functional role of state information systems—FGIS “Mercury” and GIS MT “Chestny ZNAK”—is analyzed in relation to the formation of an integrated quality-control environment, the synchronization of data on origin, movement, and product status, and the enhancement of market observability for regulatory and supervisory purposes. The material targets specialists in agro-logistics, public regulators, and participants in the apiculture market.

The present study aimed to evaluate the technological grain quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown under selection nursery conditions. Grain quality plays a crucial role in determining wheat suitability for processing and baking. In this study, 30 winter wheat varieties developed by local breeders were analyzed for key quality parameters, including grain bulk density (test weight), protein content, gluten content, and grain vitreousness.

The results showed significant variation among the studied genotypes. Grain bulk density ranged from 800.9 to 885.0 g/L, with the highest values observed in Muzbuloq, Temiryazevka 150, O‘ITI-1, and Obod. Protein content varied between 11.6% and 16.5%, with higher values in Nurafshon, O‘ITI-1, and Yangi hayot. Gluten content ranged from 25.8% to 30.9%, with superior показатели in Barqaror, O‘ITI-1, Obod, and Nurafshon. Grain vitreousness varied from 71.0% to 83.2%, indicating differences in grain structure and technological properties.

Statistical analysis revealed low variability for grain bulk density and vitreousness, while protein and gluten content showed moderate variability. The study confirmed that grain quality traits are interrelated and should be evaluated комплекс tarzda. Among the studied varieties, Obod, Barqaror, and O‘ITI-1 were identified as promising genotypes with high technological and nutritional potential. These varieties can be recommended for breeding programs and for improving wheat grain quality in agricultural production.

A research investigation at the Research Farm of University of Education, Afaha Nsit, Akwa Ibom State was conducted in the 2025 cropping season. The study was to examine the herbicidal suppression of weeds, safety on the growth and yield of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) and component crop. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Six treatments were used in the study namely 1.5kg ai/ha linuron+Chlobromuron (1.0 and 1.5kg ai/ha), Pendimethalin+Metobromuron (1.0 and 1.5kg ai/ha), Hand-weeded (2x) (control) and Weedy. All herbicidal treatment plots were integrated with vegetable cowpea at 50,000 plants/ha. The data were collected on weed density, dry weed biomass, agronomic characters of pepper and fresh pepper fruits yield and analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test, at 5% significance level. The pre-test results showed that vegetable cowpea was more tolerance to the herbicidal effects and produced more ground coverage than Ife brown variety hence it was used for the study.  The study revealed that hand-weeded treatment produced one of the highest fresh pepper fruit yields/ha but ranked 5th in the monetary net benefit and was 28.5% of the highest net benefit. The weedy treatment reduced fresh pepper fruit yield by 68.2% while pendimethalin+metobromuron at 1.5kg ai/ha reduced fresh pepper fruit yield by 11.7% but produced the lowest weed density and dry weed biomass. The results also showed that linuron+chlobromuron at 1.0kg ai/ha integrated with vegetable cowpea gave one of the best agronomic characters and fresh fruit yield/ha. It also produced the highest monetary net benefit hence it is recommended.

In the world, modern methods of genetics and breeding science are effectively used to create new cotton varieties and increase their sown areas. According to the United Nations, more than 1.5 billion people in the world face serious difficulties due to food shortages due to soil degradation in agricultural lands. The area of irrigated land in the republic is 4.3 million hectares, of which 44.7 percent are of varying salinity, including 31.0 percent are slightly saline, 11.9 percent are moderately saline, and 1.9 percent are highly saline. Therefore, the samples studied in this article are aimed at creating varieties that yield high and quality yields in saline soils by crossing collection samples brought from cotton origin centers with local varieties in moderately saline soil-climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan and creating initial material for selection based on the analysis of economically valuable traits of their offspring.

This article presents experimental data on the physiological indicators that determine stress tolerance in soybean varieties under varying soil moisture regimes (optimal, limited, and arid/drought). The study reveals that changes in these physiological parameters are significantly influenced by soil moisture levels, plant developmental stages, and the unique biological characteristics of each variety. Specifically, the dynamics of cellular turgidity, water-binding capacity, and catalase enzyme activity were analyzed to evaluate the adaptive mechanisms of soybeans under water-deficit conditions. The findings provide insights into selecting resilient cultivars for cultivation in the meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region.

Food security is a critical component of national development, with clear links to agricultural output, youth involvement, and technological innovation. Despite Nigeria's enormous agricultural potential, food poverty remains due to poor youth engagement, limited digital adoption, and ineffective institutional coordination. This study investigates how digital agriculture strengthens food security in Nigeria by increasing youth participation, creativity, and agricultural transformation, utilising the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) as a theoretical framework. The study uses a descriptive and analytical research design, relying solely on secondary data from peer-reviewed publications, policy documents, and worldwide databases. Comparative analyses were undertaken on worldwide experiences such as India's Digital Agriculture Mission, Kenya's M-Farm, and Brazil's AgroSmart, as well as Nigerian AgriTech platforms such as ThriveAgric, FarmCrowdy, Crop2Cash, and Hello Tractor. The findings show that digital agriculture improves human, financial, and social capital through increased digital literacy, Agri-FinTech inclusiveness, and AI-driven innovation, increasing the four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilisation, and stability. The study concludes that coordinated digital inclusion, infrastructural investment, and gender-responsive innovation are critical for long-term food system resilience. It contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how digital agriculture improves food security through youth empowerment in Nigeria.

The study sought to determine feeding management skills and farmers sustainability for commercial production of goats in Akwa Ibom State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Three specific objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study was 196 respondents comprising 180 goat farmers and 16 extension agents. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting a sample size of 160 respondents (148 goat farmers and 12 extension agents). The instrument entitled “Feeding management skills and farmers’ sustainability for commercial production of goats questionnaire (GFMSFSCPGQ) was used to gather data for the study. The instrument was face-validated by two validates. Split – half reliability technique was used in determining the reliability of the Instrument which yielded a coefficient index of 0.77. Mean was used in answering the research questions Independent t –test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses at .05 level of significance and the findings of the study revealed that, there is no significant difference in the mean responses of Extension Agents and Goat Farmers on the selection of indigenous forages, establishment of pastures and formulation of concentrates skills needed for sustainable commercial production of goats in Akwa Ibom State. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that poor selection of indigenous forages, establishment of pastures and formulation of concentrates skills acquired by goat farmers in Akwa Ibom State led to inadequate supply of chevon to consumers. It was recommended among others that Extension Agents and Akwa Ibom state Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) through the State Ministry of Agriculture should conduct enlightenment campaign, regular seminars and workshops for goat farmers in Akwa Ibom State on the selection of indigenous forages, establishment of pastures and formulation of concentrates skills needed for sustainable commercial production of goats in Akwa Ibom State.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly associated not only with neuronal degeneration but also with platelet dysfunction, altered hemostasis, and calcium-dependent peripheral signaling abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the effects of G-40 polyphenol on platelet aggregation, coagulation hemostasis, and intracellular calcium mobilization in a rat AD-like condition. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma and platelet suspensions obtained from control rats and rats with an AlCl3-induced AD-like condition were analyzed. Platelet aggregation was assessed by Born aggregometry after stimulation with ADP, adrenaline, and collagen. Coagulation was evaluated using thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT/QFTV), and prothrombin time (PT, TechPlastin). Intracellular calcium was monitored in Fluo-4 AM-loaded platelets after ADP stimulation, with EGTA used as a calcium-chelating control. G-40 was tested primarily at 50 uM, with concentration-response evaluation in the 10-100 uM range for calcium readouts. Results: The AD model displayed spontaneous platelet aggregation and enhanced agonist-induced aggregation relative to controls. G-40 partially inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in both normal and AD conditions. The AD model shortened TT, APTT, and PT, indicating a procoagulant shift, whereas G-40 markedly prolonged all three parameters. G-40 also suppressed ADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by 40-55%, with 50 uM showing the greatest effect. Conclusions: G-40 exerts a multi-target antiplatelet and anticoagulant action in the AD-like state. Its effects are most consistently explained by attenuation of Ca2+-dependent platelet activation together with interference at common coagulation pathway steps. These findings support G-40 as a promising candidate for correcting platelet hyperreactivity and hemostatic imbalance associated with AD.