SIGNIFICANCE OF CLUSTER IN INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS IN THE REGION

In the conditions of the development of the market mechanism, the problem of competitiveness arises sharply, and its solution forces all market subjects to actively search for methods and ways to increase competitiveness. In this regard, it is necessary to increase competitiveness and strengthen one's position in the market in order to obtain maximum income. The experience of many countries shows that clusters allow the economy to achieve high efficiency, thereby ensuring competitiveness and increasing the well-being of the population. The formation of clusters allows for more complete use of the resources and advantages available in the country


INTRODUCTION
The need to develop new theoretical approaches aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the region in Uzbekistan requires studying the world experience. If it is analyzed the accumulated theoretical and practical experiences in this regard, regional clusters based on innovative approaches are one of the most effective forms of increasing regional competitiveness. Publisher: The USA Journals that the efficiency of enterprises and organizations depends on their geographical location near economic zones. B. Lundval and B. Yonson proposed the concept of "development blocks" related to the cluster theory and emphasized that industry or regional production associations and the process of continuous training of the entire country's population are a source of national economic growth and competitiveness.
In Western literature, the concept of cluster was introduced into economic theory by Michael Porter: "A cluster is a group of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, as well as organizations related to their activities. geographically concentratedis a group, for example, universities, standardization agencies, as well as trade associations) compete in certain areas, but also work together.
A distinctive feature of the cluster is targeted entrepreneurial activity. Within the framework of the cluster, not only production, but also innovative business, comprehensive management of product quality, and after-sales service are integrated. Combining the efforts of entrepreneurs, government bodies, investment and innovative activity entities in a certain area can provide significant competitive advantages, rationalization of production and market processes, redistribution of risks necessary in rapidly changing conditions, and flexibility is provided and it helps to implement the policy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In general, there are 3 definitions of clusters, each of which emphasizes the main feature of their activity: Territorially limited forms of economic activity within the framework of related industries, usually associated with certain scientific institutions (research institutes, universities, etc. Vertical production chains, narrowly defined networks in which neighboring stages of the production process form the core of the cluster (for example, the "supplier -manufacturer -marketer -customer" chain). Industries defined by a higher level of aggregation (for example, a "chemical cluster") or a set of industries at an even higher level of aggregation (for example, an "agro-industrial complex").
M. Porter defined that "a cluster is a regional chain consisting of close networks aimed at the mutual use of raw materials and other resources in the production and sale of products." It considers the composition of the internal network structure as the main criterion for creating a cluster model. In this case, attention is paid not only to the geographical limitation of the cluster theory, but also to the possibilities of development of the network, taking into account the use of resources in the long term. A cluster can include enterprises of various sizes and diverse activities.
According to Russian scientist NA Korchagina, "Clusters are open systems that encourage competition. Their purpose is not to maintain fixed prices (fixation) or limit competition. Mutual exchange of necessary information, joint scientific research or activities aimed at export do not limit competition, but on the contrary lead to an increase in the competitiveness of organizations. Coordination of demands and wishes of organizations that are organically connected with each other through horizontal and vertical connections and conditions that ensure the flow of information serve as the main mechanisms of effective functioning of the cluster. (ISSN -2693-0811 If we look at the world practice, during the last two decades, the process of formation of clusters has been accelerated. According to experts, 50% of the economy of the world's leading countries is covered by clusters. For example, more than half of the organizations operating in the US economy today are covered by clusters, and they account for almost 60% of the country's GDP. There are about 2000 clusters in the countries of the European Union, where 38% of the world's working population is working.

The American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations
According to scientific sources, there are basically three different approaches to economic clusters:economic entities concentrated around a large enterprise or company in a small area -from research to stock supply to trade and subsequent service. a collection of enterprises and organizations in a vertical technological system that unites all stages of production and participates in the creation of a certain product, -industry cluster.
Clusters from a functional point of view describe the relationship of several companies joining together to achieve their goals, but merging companies can also be organizations with strong competition in the network, that is, they form a geographical cooperative (cluster) and achieve high efficiency in the fight against competition. will Cluster organizations can attract not only competitors operating in the same field, but also different industry enterprises that can cooperate in the realization of the goal. Because the purpose of their organization is to make the most effective and optimal decisions in the conditions of the market economy and win the competition, which, in turn, leads to cheap labor force, reductions in product costs, high-quality and cheap raw materials observed in modern cluster organizations.

Result and discussion
The idea of increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy based on the implementation of a cluster approach to regional development is not new today. But at the stage of exiting the crisis situation, when the traditional methods of diversification no longer give the desired result, there is no other alternative way to use the studied model of business creation and management. This is a fully sufficient tool for the modernization of the economy.
Developing a cluster approach is more relevant today than ever. The interrelationship between clustering processes, interdependence, increased competitiveness and significant acceleration of innovative work is a new phenomenon in the economy. This includes facing the pressure of global competition. It adequately meets the requirements of regional and national development.
In particular, huge plans have been set in agriculture. In the next five years, it is aimed to increase productivity by at least 2 times, in-depth processing of raw materials, increase the export of the industry to 7 billion dollars, and further increase the employment and income of the population.
Clusters will be the main support and leader in this. This system has created a lot of changes in a short period of time. For example, in one cotton factory, fiber processing increased by 2.5 times and reached 100%. Also, yarn production has doubled, finished goods -3 times, exports will reach 3 billion dollars by the end of the year.
125 new enterprises with a value of 2 billion dollars and 150 thousand permanent jobs were created, covering the steps from cotton raw materials to finished products.