ECOTOURIST ZONING OF JIZZAKH REGION AND PROSPECTS OF ITS USE

Jizzakh region was divided into six ecotourism regions: Ecotourism region of juniper forests and biological resources in the mountain ranges of Turkestan: Ecotourism region of natural landscapes related to juniper forests in the Molguzar mountain ranges; Mirzachol plains and sandy desert nature ecotourism region in the North; Aayd-Arnasoy lakes water basin ecotourism region. Ecotourism region of natural landscapes of mountain forests, walnut groves in the north-western part of the Nurota mountain ranges; Jizzakh reservoir basin


INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the most decisive factors for further stabilization of mutual socio-economic and cultural relations between countries and nations.The fact that our country has enough opportunities in the field of tourism and is not left behind by any foreign countries is the main source that ensures that we achieve many successes in this regard.Taking this into account, the reforms implemented in our country from the first years of independence to the present in order to create and develop the tourism infrastructure that meets the requirements of the time have been giving positive results.It was in Jizzakh region that many decisions and orders were passed on the development of tourism [1,2,3,4].Ecotourism is natural tourism, which involves creating and understanding the natural environment.It is managed in such a way that the resulting activity is ecologically, socially and culturally sustainable, including the "natural environment", cultural contents, "ecological sustainability", appropriate income for local people and long-term sustainability of the resources used [11].
According to the natural-ecological characteristics of Uzbekistan, on the one hand, it can be divided into large natural-ecological-economic-macro zones, and on the other hand, it can be divided into a system of ecological-economic regions.Each of them meets certain tasks of regional ecological-economic development.The basis of the ecological-economic zoning of Uzbekistan is the division of the country into 3 large macrozones and 8 ecological-economic regions.Macrozones are allocated for the general analysis of the physical-zonal, ecological-economic characteristics of the country's national economy complex and to determine its problems, to determine the prospects for the deployment of production forces.At this point, regionalization of the Jizzakh region from the point of view of ecotourism is the basis for the economic development of the region and support from the social point of view.Because the main difference between ecological-economic regions of the region and economic regions is that regional differences in the impact of production forces on the natural environment are the main zoning criteria.Each ecoeconomic region differs from others in terms of the level of influence of production forces on nature [11].

Main part
A.N.Norchaev and E.T.Rabbimov published in 2010 "Ecological tourism" intended for students, researchers, professors-teachers, students of tourism vocational colleges and all employees engaged in tourism" study guide describes in detail the need and prospects of ecotourism zoning.Also, in this manual, the ecotourism regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are described, and the Jizzakh Province is included in the management of the ecotourism regions of the Nurota and Turkestan mountain ranges.But the region itself has not been divided into ecotourism regions and has not been analyzed in depth.
The ecotourism potential and opportunities of Jizzakh region are covered in the article "On the topic of ecotourism development in Jizzakh region" published by B.T. Kholmatov, G.R. Karaev in the magazine "Economic Sciences" in issue № 3-3 (16) of 2016.Also, in the article published by A.P. Makhmudova, associate professor of the Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, on the topic "Description and quality of ecological tourism resources in the Jizzakh ecotourism region", information is provided both about the tourism industry of the region and about the complexes recognized as an ecological region, however, no information was provided on the division into full ecotourism regions [11].

Purpose of the study
Taking into account the high ecotourism potential of the Jizzakh region, its ecotourism zoning and the interpretation of its importance in the economic and social development of the region.The material of the research work is the various ecological environments, nature, climate, relief and ethnography, recreational and cultural conservation areas of Jizzakh region.The methods are descriptive, territorial, systematic-structural, comparativegeographic, zoning, cartographic, expeditionary field observations, as well as statistical, electronic information sources on the research topic.The methodological rules of the work are based on the achievements of research in the field of geoecology, physical geography, as well as scientific developments related to ecotourism in regional geography.

The
It is known that in the ecological-economic zoning of Uzbekistan, the country is divided into 3 large macrozones and 8 ecological-economic regions ().According to it, the Jizzakh region together with the Syrdarya region was included in the Mirzachal ecological-economic region [11].
As an ecotourist region, Jizzakh region is attached to the ecotourist region of Turkestan, and it is analyzed from the point of view of specially protected areas for ecotypes.In this region, on the northern slope of the Turkestan ridge, "Zomin State Reserve" was established in 1959, the absolute height is 1760-3500 meters, the total area is 21735 hectares, "Zomin national park" was established in 1978 to restore the unique mountain-fir ecosystems with an area of 24110 hectares and use them for recreational purposes [11].
As a matter of fact, the region's natural climatic conditions are unique, and it differs from other regions due to its geographical location and the abundance of natural recreational areas.
Its area is 20.5 thousand km or 6% of the total area of the republic.It is located between the oases of Syrdarya and Zarafshan, and the northern and northeastern part of the region consists of plains.The South and South-Eastern parts form the highlands and mountain systems.
The northern plain part of the province is 200-300 m above sea level.500-600 m in the south.It is located in mountainous regions at an altitude of 550-600 m (above sea level), and the climate is dry continental, far from sea basins, in turn, the lack of precipitation leads to a sharp decrease in air temperature and humidity throughout the year, and as a result, it greatly affects the development of plants during the growth period.
Regional farms are mainly located in three climatic districts: Mirzachol, Zarafshan, Kyzylkum districts, which differ from each other not only in climatic conditions, but also in terms of water supply, the history of the population engaged in agriculture, and environmental conditions.
Most of Mirzachol district consists of plains, the average annual temperature is +12.5 C, +27+32 C in July, -3-7 C in January, the lowest temperature is -36 C. The foothills of the Sangzar River and partly the foothills of the region, as well as in the eastern part of the province, are an oasis type of farming and are of great importance in irrigation works.
Zarafshan soil climate district is home to Bakhmal, Gallaorol, Zomin, Jizzakh and partially Forish district farms.Here, the natural conditions are rather mild, characterized by average air temperature and natural humidity, which allows to practice mainly dry farming.The climate is moderate in winter, with little precipitation in summer, high air temperature and low relative humidity.
A large part of Kyzylkum district is used as pasture.Some parts are irrigated using artisanal wells.The climate is sharply continental, the average air temperature is +12.5, the average minimum It can be seen that the climatic conditions of the Jizzakh region have different natural ecological environments that differ sharply from each other.Based on this, it is possible to recommend its ecological-recreational resources, that is, ecotourism regions, for the development of ecological and recreational tourism in the region (Table 1)   Ecological, socio-cultural resources of the city of Jizzakh.Agrotourism and cultural landscapes around the city of Jizzakh low Secondly, it is necessary to create an environment to understand and know the region's natural climatic resources, biological diversity, unique natural landscapes as rare, miraculous, spiritual assets of ecotourism (Table 2).
It determines the formation of international political, economic and cultural relations of our country, its natural, social and economic geographical position.In determining the natural and economic position of Uzbekistan according to the mentioned requirements, well-known geographers have conducted extensive research.According to their conclusions, the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is divided economically and geographically into three micro, meso and macro levels [5].
The natural-geographic location of Jizzakh region has great opportunities in the field of tourism, and we can show them the following.According to him, the tourism potential of Turkestan, Molguzar and Nurota mountains ecotourism districts is high, the tourism potential of Jizzakh Reservoir and Qizilqum ecotourism regions is medium, and the tourism potential of Aydar-Aunasoy lakes is less because of the lack of infrastructure in its territory, in the next year, significant work is being done to organize special tourism routes that cannot be found in other ecotourism districts of the region.In general, each tourist district of Jizzakh region has its own tourist potential, and they will be providers of routes not only for the local but also for the foreign tourism market.
Currently, the state of ecotourism along with these areas of tourism in the region cannot be said to be well established and great results have been achieved.Therefore, in the study and in-depth research of the possibilities of tourism development in Jizzakh region, it is necessary to pay attention to the following.
1. Ease of geographical location of the province from the point of view of tourism development.

2.
Resolution № 100 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 24, 2021 "On joint measures for the development of domestic and pilgrimage tourism".

3.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2021 № PF-6201 "On measures to establish the Zomin tourist and recreational zone and international all-season resort".

4.
Resolution № 254 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 28, 2021 "On measures to organize the activity of the tourist-recreational zone "Zomin".

5.
Decision № 368 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 14, 2021 "On measures for the development of water recreation and beach tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan" can be considered as a special temperature is -19-23 C, the temperature in the middle of July is +26-32 C, the maximum temperature is + 48 C, the air humidity in July is 21-30%[7].
: I. Ecotourism region of juniper forests and biological resources in the mountain ranges of Turkestan: 1.1.Zomin State National Park.1.2.Zomin State Nature Reserve.1.3.Nature landscapes of the Zomin mountains, juniper forests.1.4.Zominsuv river basin.II.Ecotourism region of natural landscapes associated with juniper forests in the Molguzar mountain ranges: 2.1.Bakhmal mountains juniper forests natural landscapes; 2.2.Sangzor river basin; 2.3.Biodiversity landscapes of nature and juniper forests of Aykor mountain; III.Mirzachol plains and sandy desert nature ecotourism region in the north: 3.1.National farming in agrolandscapes.3.2.Arnasoy state order (zakaznik) biological resources.3.3.Sandy desert nature landscapes.IV.Aayd-Arnasoy Lakes water basin ecotourism region.V. Ecotourism region of natural landscapes of mountain forests, walnut groves in the North-Western part of the Nurota mountain ranges: 5.1.Nurota State Nature Reserve.5.2.Natural landscapes of Forish mountains.5.3.Natural rock formations in the Koytash mountains and ancient rock paintings.VI.Jizzakh Reservoir Basin Ecotourism Region: 6.1.Ecological, socio-cultural resources of the city of Jizzakh.6.2.Agrotourism and cultural landscapes around the city of Jizzakh.It is known from the above information and research results that, firstly, the potential of ecological tourism resources in the region is very large, and there are great opportunities for the development of special types of tourism.Therefore, in the development of ecotourism in the region, it is necessary to develop a solution to the problems of touristic demand + touristic supply + touristic consumption [4].
1.A place on the micro level.It is located in the center among the regions of our country.To the east of the region are Syrdarya, Fergana, Namangan, Andijan regions, to the west and northwest are Bukhara and Navoi regions, to the south are Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions, and to the north are the Republics of Tashkent, Khorezm and Karakalpakstan.The movement of these regions throughout our divided into 6 ecotourism districts.Tourist destinations and the state of development of tourism in them were evaluated.
2. Conditions in hotel infrastructures in the region.3. The state of transport and communication services across the regions of the region.4. Descriptions of tourism resources in the region, the state of satisfaction of requirements and needs in the development of international and domestic tourism. 5. Tourist attraction and service provision potential of ecological and recreational resources.6.The development of tourist-excursion routes to ecological and recreational resources and the state of advertising of tour routes.7. Organization of tourism organizations in the province and their activity, specialization and efficiency.8. Interest of the population of the region in tourism, opportunities to use interest in sightseeing.Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 9, 2021 № 4165 "On measures to further develop domestic and pilgrimage tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan".